“…Aiming to circumvent the polarity effect of the wurtzite GaN, using the so-called nonpolar planes for growth on and device active region aligned to, has been suggested. Both the 11 20 ð Þ, a-, and 1 100 ð Þ, m-, surface The growth along the [0001] polar direction was preferred and better controlled for long time, but recently different approaches have been proposed to accomplish growth along different crystallographic directions and polarity by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, 27 metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, 28 or molecular beam epitaxy. 29 The GaN surfaces with different crystallographic orientations and polarities have different chemical stabilities due to their different bond arrangements, which requires different material processing.…”