Vapor Pressure of GB

Buchanan, James H.; Sumpter, Kenneth B.; Abercrombie, Patrice L.; Tevault, David E.

doi:10.21236/ada500820

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The total pressure is the sum of the ambient pressure, P amb , and that from the sample, P smp , giving P tot = P amb + P smp . Under normal conditions, P amb ≫ P smp , and then eq may be rewritten as …”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Furthermore, by assuming that the components in the solution had reached equilibrium and combining Raoult’s law with Dalton’s law of partial pressures, it can be stated that the vapor pressure above the isomeric mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual isomers. Hence, by including the molar fraction ( x ) into eq , the isomer’s vapor pressures were calculated based on eq …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vapor-phase compound is then condensed or captured, and the amount is determined. This technique has been used to establish the volatility of alcohols, chlorobenzenes, and nerve gas agents. , Because of the simplicity of this technique, it not only is convenient for the determination of vapor pressures of compounds at ambient temperatures in the absence of the specialized equipment required for the Knudsen effusion technique but also allows for vapor pressure measurements at low analyte concentrations without interference by minor impurities. Furthermore, when the saturation technique is coupled with a separation technique such as gas chromatography, sample purity corrections can be made during the final analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamic Properties of Phenylpropanoid and Phenylbutanoid Attractants of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies at Ambient Temperatures

Cameron

McRae

Park

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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We report on the vapor pressures at ambient temperatures of seven attractants of Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus fruit fliesraspberry ketone, cuelure, raspberry ketone trifluoroacetate, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol, and zingeroneby a vapor saturation method. Dry nitrogen was passed over each compound at well-controlled temperatures. Entrained vapor from the compounds was trapped on Tenax GR tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The measured attractant amounts on the traps were converted to vapor pressures. Data were subsequently fitted by the Antoine equation. From the Antoine equation parameters, thermodynamic properties for each compound were calculated at 298 K. The calculated vapor pressures were used to compare the volatility of the fruit fly attractants and to infer implications for field applications. Using ambient temperature readings yields far better estimates of vapor pressure values at temperatures relevant for insect control than do Antoine equation parameters derived from high-temperature readings.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamic Properties of Phenylpropanoid and Phenylbutanoid Attractants of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies at Ambient Temperatures

Cameron

McRae

Park

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Therefore, the algorithm can confidently be used to extrapolate ACLaS performance data to a wider range of threat molecules, providing reference absorption cross-section data are available. Table 3 shows calculated performance data for some selected chemicals, including the explosives nitroglycerine (NG), TATP and DADP 14 and the chemical warfare agents, Sarin (GB), Soman (GD) and Tabun (GA) 24,25,26 , using the experimentally demonstrated instrument SNR. Absorption cross-sections for TATP and Sarin are also indicated with black arrows on the right hand side of Figure 8 and are approximately 1 order of magnitude greater than those of narrow band absorbers such as N 2 O or CH 4 .…”

Section: Extrapolation To Further Threat Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity stand-off detection and quantification of chemical mixtures using an active coherent laser spectrometer (ACLaS)

Macleod

Weidmann

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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High sensitivity detection, identification and quantification of chemicals in a stand-off configuration is a highly sought after capability across the security and defense sector. Specific applications include assessing the presence of explosive related materials, poisonous or toxic chemical agents, and narcotics.Real world field deployment of an operational stand-off system is challenging due to stringent requirements: high detection sensitivity, stand-off ranges from centimeters to hundreds of meters, eye-safe invisible light, near real-time response and a wide chemical versatility encompassing both vapor and condensed phase chemicals. Additionally, field deployment requires a compact, rugged, power efficient, and cost-effective design.To address these demanding requirements, we have developed the concept of Active Coherent Laser Spectrometer (ACLaS), which can be also described as a middle infrared hyperspectral coherent lidar. Combined with robust spectral unmixing algorithms, inherited from retrievals of information from high-resolution spectral data generated by satellitebased spectrometers, ACLaS has been demonstrated to fulfil the above-mentioned needs.ACLaS prototypes have been so far developed using quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and interband cascade lasers (ICL) to exploit the fast frequency tuning capability of these solid state sources. Using distributed feedback (DFB) QCL, demonstration and performance analysis were carried out on narrow-band absorbing chemicals (N 2 O, H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 ) at stand-off distances up to 50 m using realistic non cooperative targets such as wood, painted metal, and bricks. Using more widely tunable external cavity QCL, ACLaS has also been demonstrated on broadband absorbing chemicals (dichloroethane, HFC134a, ethylene glycol dinitrate and 4-nitroacetanilide solid) and on complex samples mixing narrow-band and broadband absorbers together in a realistic atmospheric background.

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“…Vapor saturation measurements were conducted using the apparatus described previously, 8 including a Hewlett Packard Model 5890 Series II gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) as described in detail in an earlier report from our laboratory. 9 The glass saturator used in this effort was custom designed at the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC). A schematic of the ambient temperature vapor pressure system is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Vapor Saturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Physical Properties of 2-Chloroethyl-3-Chloropropyl Sulfide (CECPRS)

Abercrombie-Thomas¹,

Butrow²,

Buchanan³

2010

Self Cite

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Vapor Pressure of GB

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamic Properties of Phenylpropanoid and Phenylbutanoid Attractants of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies at Ambient Temperatures

Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamic Properties of Phenylpropanoid and Phenylbutanoid Attractants of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies at Ambient Temperatures

High sensitivity stand-off detection and quantification of chemical mixtures using an active coherent laser spectrometer (ACLaS)

Selected Physical Properties of 2-Chloroethyl-3-Chloropropyl Sulfide (CECPRS)

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