Vapor-Phase Toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-Derived Constituents against Four Stored-Product Pests

Abstract

The vapor-phase toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-derived constituents was evaluated against four stored-product pests ( Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica L., and Tribolium castaneum H.) using fumigation bioassays and compared to those of commonly used insecticides. The structures of all constituents of were characterized by spectroscopic analyses [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry]. The sensitivity of the test insect to compounds varied with exposure time, concentration, and insect species. Over 100% mortality after 24 h was achieved with the compounds osajin (2), scandinone (5), sphaerobioside (8), and genistein (9) against all of the test insects, while laxifolin (3) and lupalbigenin (4) showed 100% mortality after 72 h against T. csataneum and R. dominica . Scandenone (1), scandenin A (6), and scandenin (7) were less effective. Among the insects, C. chinensis , S. oryzae , and R. dominica were more susceptible to the treatments, whereas T. castaneum was less susceptible. The results of fumigation tests indicated that compounds from D. scandens whole plant extract are potential candidates to control stored-product pests.

Eriosema (Fabaceae) Species Represent a Rich Source of Flavonoids with Interesting Pharmacological Activities

“…Isoflavonoid glucosides and isoflavonoids, including 5-O-methylgenistein-7-O--Dapiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O--D-glucopyranoside (7), genistein 7-O--D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O--D-glucopyranoside (8), eriosemaside C (9), 5-O-methylgenistein-7-O--D-glucopyranoside (10), genistin (11), sphaerobioside (12), genistein (13), and 5-O-methylgenistein (14), were reported from the n-butanol-soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the roots of E. tuberosum [11,12]. Seven pyrano-isoflavones, kraussianones (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), were reported from the extract of the roots of E. kraussianum N. E. Br. [1,2].…”

“…Flemichin D (5) E. tuberosum (Roots) [7] E. chinense (Roots) [13] Antifungal [7], Cytotoxicity [13], Antimycobacterial [13], Antioxidant [6], Antimicrobial [6] Flavanone Lupinifolin (6) E. tuberosum (Roots) [10] E. chinense (Roots) [13] Antifungal [10], Cytotoxicity [13], Antimycobacterial [13] Isoflavone E. tuberosum (Roots) [11] Antiviral [18] Isoflavone Genistin (11) E. tuberosum (Roots) [11], E. chinense (Roots) [6] Antioxidant [20], Antimicrobial [6] Isoflavone Sphaerobioside ( 12) E. tuberosum (Roots) [11] Insecticidal [19], Toxicity [19] Isoflavone Genistein ( 13)* E. tuberosum (Roots) [11] Anticancer [21], Toxicity [21], The isolated flavonoids reported from this genus, are mainly isoflavones (21 compounds), followed by dihydroflavonols (11), flavonols (9), flavanones (8), dihydrochalcones (2) and one isoflavanone. Dihydrochalcones, which are precursors of other classes of flavonoids, are very rare from natural sources.…”

“…Insecticidal activity of sphaerobioside (12), and genistein (13) was reported using a fumigation method against four stored-product pests (Callosobruchus chinense, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum). Compounds 12 and 13 had LC 50 values of 0.21, 0.17 µg/mL, 0.18, 0.28 µg/mL, 0.27, 0.28 µg/mL, and 0.20, 0.18 µg/mL against C. chinense, S. oryzae, R. dominica, and T. castaneum, respectively [19]. Hundred percent mortality after 24 h at the concentration of 1 µg/mL on all the test insects was also obtained with compounds 12 and 13 [19].…”

“…Compounds 12 and 13 had LC 50 values of 0.21, 0.17 µg/mL, 0.18, 0.28 µg/mL, 0.27, 0.28 µg/mL, and 0.20, 0.18 µg/mL against C. chinense, S. oryzae, R. dominica, and T. castaneum, respectively [19]. Hundred percent mortality after 24 h at the concentration of 1 µg/mL on all the test insects was also obtained with compounds 12 and 13 [19].…”

Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Apigenin-Derived Isolaxifolin

“…During a study of its active principles in the early 1990s, the flavonoids isolaxifolin ( 1 ) and laxifolin ( 2 ) (Figure ) were isolated from the root of samples of the plant collected in southern Taiwan . More recently the former natural product (misidentified as laxifolin) has been encountered in Derris scandens Bentham, a related medicinal plant that has been exploited in Southeast Asia for its insecticidal effects . Co-metabolites of isolaxifolin, including the prenylated isoflavones osajin, scandinone, and lupalbigenin, are excellent insect antifeedants, being toxic to chewing and sucking insects but not to humans. ,− Similarly, isolaxifolin has been shown, using a fumigation bioassay, to be a potent insecticide, and the source plants are used to control pests in household pantries .…”