Vapor phase esterification catalyzed by immobilized dodecatungstosilicic acid (SiW12) on activated carbon

Chu, Wenling; Yang, Xiaojing; Ye, Xingkai; Wu, Yonggang

doi:10.1016/0926-860x(96)00109-3

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, Goodwin's group [11,13] found that acetic acid esterifying with methanol and ethanol on silica supported SAC-13 catalyst performed as a single site mechanism at 90-140 °C. This was also supported by Chu and his co-authors [17] conducting acetic acid esterification with 1 butanol. Besides, Kirumakki et al [18] research described no mass transfer limitation on the zeolite surface during the esterification process, indicating the process should follow single site Eley-Rideal mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Miao et al [12] proposed dual site mechanism referring to their results on esterification of acetic acid and methanol using propyl sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 catalyst at temperatures ranged from 30 to 60 °C. Chu et al [17], using heteropolyacids SiW12 catalysts at temperatures from 85 to 160 °C, also found that the esterification of acetic acid and ethanol followed the dual site Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism. However, Goodwin's group [11,13] found that acetic acid esterifying with methanol and ethanol on silica supported SAC-13 catalyst performed as a single site mechanism at 90-140 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic esterification is still debated, literature data had observed two contrary mechanisms for esterification based on acetic acid: One is dual sites Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism; the other one is single site Eley-Rideal mechanism [11][12][13]17]. Miao et al [12] proposed dual site mechanism referring to their results on esterification of acetic acid and methanol using propyl sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 catalyst at temperatures ranged from 30 to 60 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although homogeneous catalysts have been well studied and commercially used, heterogeneous catalysts are still being researched for their better performances on reactant-product separation and catalyst recovery. Various solid catalysts have been applied on heterogeneous catalysis esterification, including silica-supported sulfuric acids [11][12][13], metal oxides [14][15][16], heteropolyacids [17], and zeolites [10,18,19]. Among all the solid catalysts, pentasil zeolite catalysts with framework type known as ZSM−5 and MFI draws much attention as it has been widely used on both catalytic cracking and esterification processes in commercial refinery already.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Oxygen-Containing Fuels from High Acid Water Phase Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by ZSM−5 Catalysis: Kinetic and Mechanism Studies

et al. 2015

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This study developed an upgrading process focusing on acid transformations of water phase pyrolysis bio-oils to esters of oxygen-containing fuels via ZSM−5 catalyst. Temperature was set as a factor with five levels ranging from 60 to 135 °C with reaction time from 1 to 8 h. The results showed that 89% of high acid conversion and over 90% of ester selectivity was obtained from the feedstock via 2 wt % ZSM−5 catalysts in a fixed feedstock to methanol ratio analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS. The upgrading process followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood and reaction constants were calculated to build a practical upgrading model for bio-oil compounds. Thermodynamics of the process showed endothermic properties during the breaking bonds' reaction on carbonyl of acid while the reaction between the carbon in methanol and electrophile acid intermediate demonstrated exothermic performance. The optimum reaction conditions for the process was at a temperature of 100.1 °C with catalyst loading of 3.98 wt %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Oxygen-Containing Fuels from High Acid Water Phase Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by ZSM−5 Catalysis: Kinetic and Mechanism Studies

et al. 2015

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“…In general, the most popular solid acids used to produce esters have been ion-exchange organic resins, such as Amberlyst-15 [20] , zeolites [21] , and silica-supported heteropoly acids (HPA/silica) [22,23] . However this type of catalysts exhibit limitations in applicability for catalyzing esterification due to: low thermal stability (Amberlyst-15, < 140 ºC), mass transfer limitations (zeolites) [24] , or leaching of active acid sites in the presence of a polar medium (HPA/silica) [25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Glycerol Carbonate Esters by using Hybrid Nafion–Silica Catalyst

et al. 2013

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Glycerol carbonate esters (GCEs) which are valuable biomass derivative compounds have been prepared by direct esterification starting from glycerol carbonate and long organic acids with different chain length, in absence of solvent and using acid organic resins, zeolites and hybrid organic-inorganic acid catalysts as heterogeneous catalysts.The best results in terms of activity and selectivity to glycerol carbonate esters have been obtained using a Nafion-silica composite. A full reaction scheme has been established and it has been found that an undesired competing reaction is the generation of glycerol and esters derived from a secondary hydrolysis of the endocyclic ester group due to water formed during the esterification reaction. The influence of temperature, substrates ratio, catalyst to substrate ratio and use of solvent has been studied and, under optimized reaction conditions and the adequated catalyst, it is possible to achieve 95% selectivity to the desired product at 98% conversion. It was found that reaction rate decreased as the number of carbons in the linear alkyl chain of the carboxylic acid increases for both p-toluenesulfonic acid and Nafion SAC-13. Fitting experimental data to a mechanistically based kinetic model, the reaction kinetic parameters for Nafion SAC-13 catalysis were determined and compared when reacting different carboxylic acids. A kinetic study showed that the lower reactivity of the carboxylic acid when increasing the chain length can be explained by inductive as well as steric effects.2

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Preparation and Characterization of a Solid Acid Catalyst from Commercial Niobia Hydrate

Frank¹,

Yildiz²,

Habel³

et al. 2006

Chem Eng & Technol

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A commercially available niobia hydrate, which is an industrial intermediate in the production of pure niobia, was prepared, characterized, and tested as a solid acid catalyst. The gas phase esterification of acetic acid with ethanol was used as a simple model reaction for the determination of the acidity and the catalytic activity. The kinetic evaluation of the experiments includes an estimation of mass transport limitation as well as a mechanistic study.

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Vapor phase esterification catalyzed by immobilized dodecatungstosilicic acid (SiW12) on activated carbon

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Oxygen-Containing Fuels from High Acid Water Phase Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by ZSM−5 Catalysis: Kinetic and Mechanism Studies

Oxygen-Containing Fuels from High Acid Water Phase Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by ZSM−5 Catalysis: Kinetic and Mechanism Studies

Preparation of Glycerol Carbonate Esters by using Hybrid Nafion–Silica Catalyst

Preparation and Characterization of a Solid Acid Catalyst from Commercial Niobia Hydrate

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