Vapor-phase concentrations of PAHs and their derivatives determined in a large city: Correlations with their atmospheric aerosol concentrations

Barrado, Ana Isabel; García, Susana Ramírez; Sevillano, Marisa Luisa; Rodríguez, José Antonio; Barrado, E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.031

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Total average concentration of gaseous PAHs, 150.14 ng/m 3 , was 3 times higher than that of particulate PAHs. The above distributions were due to the various subcooled liquid vapor pressures with different molecular weights, and similar distributions were also reported previously [41][42][43][44]. PHE, FLT, and PYR, mainly found in diesel vehicle emissions [45], showed a relatively high concentrations in both the gas and particulate phases in this study.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 91%

Levels, Sources and Toxicity Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at an Island Site in the Gulf of Tonkin

Yang

Liu

Gao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The varying concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at remote islands is an important indicator, demonstrating the contributions from different regional combustion sources. In this study, gaseous and particulate PAHs were measured at Weizhou Island in the Gulf of Tonkin from 15th March to 14th April, 2015. The concentrations of PAHs ranged from 116.22 to 186.74 ng/m3 and from 40.19 to 61.86 ng/m3 in gas and particulate phase, respectively, which were much higher than those of some remote sites in Asia. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene, which were mainly found in diesel vehicle emissions, had relatively high concentrations in both gas and particulate phases. According to the comprehensive results of back trajectory cluster analysis and diagnostic ratios, the local vessel emission was probably the main source of PAHs, which was much more important than the coal and biomass combustion sources from remoter regions. The toxicities represented by ∑PAH7, benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-based total toxicity potency are much higher in particulate phase than those in gas phase. However, the toxicities of gas phase should not be neglected from the point of view of indirect-acting mutagenicities due to the high contribution of fluoranthene.

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Section: Concentrations Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 91%

Levels, Sources and Toxicity Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at an Island Site in the Gulf of Tonkin

Yang

Liu

Gao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…They have been reported in various environmental media, such as organism (Wang et al 2009a), atmosphere (Barrado et al 2013), water (Zhou and Maskaoui 2003), and soils (Chen et al 2005;Wang et al 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of input pathways and altitudes on spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in background soils, the Tibetan Plateau

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Limited data on the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tibetan soils have been reported. This study measured the concentrations of PAHs in background soils across Tibet including 44 surface soils (0-10 cm) and 14 subsurface soils (10-20 cm) and assessed the effect of input pathways and altitudes on spatial distribution of PAHs. The concentrations of 15 US EPA priority PAHs (∑15-PAHs, naphthalene excluded) in all surface soils ranged from 1.50 to 29.88 ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 6.09 ng/g. The levels of PAHs in soils from southeast of Tibet were higher than those from northwest, which might be attributed to both more local emission as a result of relative higher population density and contributions of long-range atmosphere transport (LRAT) processes from Indian subcontinent in the south and Sichuan in the east. For the northwest Tibet, the westerly wind originated from the western boundaries between India and Nepal but not local emission might play an important role in input of PAHs, since there were slight anthropogenic activities. A general decrease of ∑15-PAHs with depth suggested their atmospheric input, while surface runoff might also play an important role in input of PAHs to soils from canyon and valley. The abundances of more volatile three-ring PAHs positively correlated with altitudes while less volatile ones unrelated (four rings) or inversely correlated (five and six rings) with altitudes, indicating cold condensation effect. The results of PAH isomer ratios suggested mixed sources of petroleum evaporation and combustion of petroleum and biomass.

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“…11, [40][41][42] Total (aerosol and dissolved) 2-3-ring PAHs near Lake Victoria, East Africa were 174 lower than 2-3-ring gaseous PAHs in Cleveland, but greater than the remainder of the 175 deployment sites. rural, or remote based on population within 3 km (Table S8).…”

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confidence: 97%

Significance of Population Centers As Sources of Gaseous and Dissolved PAHs in the Lower Great Lakes

McDonough

Khairy

Muir

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) were used to measure concentrations of gaseous and dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air and water throughout the lower Great Lakes during summer and fall of 2011. Atmospheric Σ 15PAH concentrations ranged from 2.1 ng/m 3 in Cape Vincent (NY) to 76.4 ng/m 3 in downtown Cleveland (OH). Aqueous Σ 18PAH concentrations ranged from 2.4 ng/L at an offshore Lake Erie site to 30.4 ng/L in Sheffield Lake (OH). Gaseous PAH concentrations correlated strongly with population within 3-40 km of the sampling site depending on the compound considered, suggesting that urban centers are a primary source of gaseous PAHs (except retene) in the lower Great Lakes region. The significance of distant population (within 20 km) versus local population (within 3 km) increased with sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure. Most dissolved aqueous PAHs did not correlate significantly with population, nor were they consistently related to river discharge, wastewater effluents, or precipitation. Air-water exchange calculations implied that diffusive exchange was a source of phenanthrene to surface waters, while acenaphthylene volatilized out of the lakes. Comparison of air-water fluxes with temperature suggested that the significance of urban centers as sources of dissolved PAHs via diffusive exchange may decrease in warmer months. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants that originate from oil spills as well as anthropogenic and natural combustion processes. Major sources include fossil fuel combustion, metal production, waste incineration, residential and commercial biomass burning, and vehicular emissions. 1-5 PAHs are often associated with densely populated areas, especially in industrialized countries. 3,4,6,7 PAHs and their transformation products are a primary 34 carcinogenic component of urban air pollution and health effects resulting from chronic exposure 35 are a serious concern. 8,9 36 Polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) are cost-effective, simple tools with lower detection 37 limits than traditional active sampling techniques. Instead of pumping air or water through a 38 filter, PEs accumulate hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) over time via diffusion, 39 accumulating only truly dissolved or gas-phase molecules. 10 Concentrations of truly dissolved 40 HOCs are of interest because this fraction is available for direct diffusive exchange between 41 water and other reservoirs such as air, biota, or sediment. 42 The use of PEs facilitates simultaneous spatially resolved measurements and calculations of air-water diffusive exchange rates. For most HOCs, concentrations measured by PEs reflect a time-integrated concentration representative of the entire deployment period. For compounds that equilibrate during deployment, concentrations reflect the most recent concentration the sampler was exposed to. PEs have previously been used to measure HOCs in water and air 11-13 and to calculate air-water gradients of HOCs, but this method has not been applied to the l...

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Vapor-phase concentrations of PAHs and their derivatives determined in a large city: Correlations with their atmospheric aerosol concentrations

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Levels, Sources and Toxicity Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at an Island Site in the Gulf of Tonkin

Levels, Sources and Toxicity Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at an Island Site in the Gulf of Tonkin

Effect of input pathways and altitudes on spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in background soils, the Tibetan Plateau

Significance of Population Centers As Sources of Gaseous and Dissolved PAHs in the Lower Great Lakes

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