(Vapor + Liquid) Equilibrium (VLE) for Binary Lead-Antimony System in Vacuum Distillation: New Data and Modeling Using Nonrandom Two-Liquid (NRTL) Model

Xu, Junjie; Kong, Lingxin; Xu, Baoqiang; Yang, Bin; You, Yonghua; Xu, Shuai; Zhou, Yuezhen; Li, Yifu; Liu, Dachun

doi:10.1007/s11661-016-3636-y

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The errors between the calculated results and experimental VLE data determined by vacuum distillation, however, are very large. For example, in the binary lead-antimony system, the mole fraction of vapor composition determined by vacuum distillation is 0.45 bigger than the calculated data, and the liquid phase points seriously deviated from the liquidus as well [7]. In fact, vacuum distillation is not a strict vapor-liquid equilibrium, as the vapor phase continuously condenses on the condenser during distillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…According to the VLE theory [7], when the system reaches equilibrium, the vapor phase and liquid phase are in a dynamic equilibrium state, and the change in holding time will not affect the equilibrium state (i.e., the composition of the vapor and liquid phase). When the composition of the vapor phase and the liquid phase is no longer changing, the holding time is considered to be the equilibrium time.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1173 K) required for determining the VLE data of alloys and the strong cohesiveness of components of alloys. Vacuum distillation is the only method that is currently used to determine the VLE of alloy systems, and has been employed to determine the VLE of binary lead-tin [6], lead-antimony [7], tin-antimony [8], lead-copper [9] and lead-silver [10] binary alloys by the National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy of Kunming University of Science and Technology. The errors between the calculated results and experimental VLE data determined by vacuum distillation, however, are very large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The information about Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys used in this study is given in Table 1 and Table 2. For the alloy preparation process, refer [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isobaric (vapour + liquid) equilibria of binary Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn system AT2Pa

Gao

Yang

et al. 2018

J min metall B Metall

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A new experimental method for determining vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of binary alloys was designed in this study. The VLE data of Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys were determined by using this new method. The experimental data passed the thermodynamic consistency test (Van Ness test), and the y (MAD) was 0.4066 and 0.6667, respectively, indicating that the experimental method is correct and reliable. The activity coefficient of Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys was calculated by using the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). The maximum average relative deviation Si and maximum average standard deviation Si* are ±1.34% and ±0.009, respectively, which indicates that the calculation of the activity coefficient of the Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys by MIVM is reliable. The VLE data of Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys were calculated based on the VLE theory and MIVM, and the calculated results agreed well with the experimental VLE data. The VLE phase diagrams of Pb-Sn and Sb-Sn alloys were also established in this study. The VLE phase diagrams offer a valid and intuitive way to analyze the product compositions' dependence of temperature and pressure during the process of vacuum distillation. This will have immense significance in guiding the actual production of vacuum metallurgy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%