Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurement and heating performance modeling on eco-friendly zeotropic blends of CO2/R1234ze(Z) and CO2/R1336mzz(E)

Luo, Jielin; Ye, Zhiming; Zhao, Zhen; Yang, Kaiyin; Zhang, Shaozhi; Wang, Qin

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120576

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Vaccaro et al [30] investigated and presented the effects of the addition of the second element in the CO 2 transcritical cycles to overcome the heavy expansion loss, requiring specific means for its mitigation. Luo et al [31] theoretically studied the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of two eco-friendly zeotropics, CO 2 /R1234ze(Z) and CO 2 /R1336mzz(E), by using Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) models. Chen et al [32] proposed new correlations, along with the application of deep learning-based modeling techniques, to analyze and predict saturated flow boiling heat transfer and two-phase pressure drops in the evaporating flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Zeotropic Refrigerants R-455A and R-463A as Alternatives for R-744 in Automotive Air-Conditioning System (AACs)

Alzahrani

2023

Processes

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The popularity of vehicles and the increased time spent in cars with air conditioning systems has led to regulations in many countries that require the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants with minimal global warming and zero ozone depletion potential (GWP and ODP). Cars need high-performance, eco-friendly air conditioning systems to reduce their impact on the environment, lower fuel consumption, and decrease carbon emissions. The aim of the current work was to propose CO2-based blend zeotropic refrigerants, R-455A (R-744/32/1234yf) and R-463A (R-744/32/125/1234yf/134a), to improve the thermodynamic performance of pure CO2 refrigerants. The thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis and system optimization of an AAC system for the new zeotropic refrigerant blends compared to carbon dioxide (R-744), using Aspen HYSYS software, were investigated. The influence of cooler/condenser pressure, average evaporator temperature, cooler/condenser outlet temperature, and refrigerant flow rate on the cycles’ COP and exergy efficiency were conducted and are presented. The results showed that, at the same operating condition parameters, the cycle COP improved by 57.6 and 76.5% when using R455A and R463A instated of R744, respectively, with the advantage of reducing leakage problems due to the higher operating pressure of R744 (5–7 times higher than those of R455A and R463A), as well as requiring heavy equipment, but at optimal operating condition parameters, R744 and R-463A had a maximum COP of 14.58 and 14.19, respectively. The maximum COPs of R744, R455A, and R463A based on the optimal pressure of the cooler/condenser were 3.1, 4.25, and 5.4, respectively. Additionally, regarding the need for environmentally friendly air conditioning systems with acceptable performance in cars due to their impact on the environment and their contribution to global warming, the blend R455A is recommended for use as a refrigerant in AAC systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Zeotropic Refrigerants R-455A and R-463A as Alternatives for R-744 in Automotive Air-Conditioning System (AACs)

Alzahrani

2023

Processes

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“…The effects of adding a second element to CO 2 transcritical cycles to mitigate expansion losses were explored by Vaccaro et al [30]. The theoretical features of vapor-liquid equilibrium in eco-friendly zeotropic mixtures, CO 2 /R1336mzz(E) and CO 2 /R1234ze(Z), were investigated [31]. For the prediction of the boiling heat transfer of saturated flow and two-phase pressure declines in evaporating flows, Chen et al [32] offered novel correlations and deep learning-based modeling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating New Environmentally Friendly Zeotropic Refrigerants as Possible Replacements for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Car Air Conditioners

Al-Zahrani

2023

Sustainability

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The widespread use of automobiles and the increased duration spent within automobiles equipped with air conditioning systems have prompted various countries to enforce regulations that advocate for eco-friendly cooling substances (refrigerants) characterized by a slight global warming potential (GWP) and the absence of an ozone depletion potential (ODP). The imperative for automobiles to possess air conditioning systems that are both high-performing and eco-conscious has emerged as a means to mitigate their ecological impact, reduce fuel usage, and minimize carbon emissions. Zeotropic refrigerants, with a lower GWP than traditional alternatives, contribute to sustainability in car air conditioning by reducing the environmental impact and enhancing the energy efficiency, aligning with global regulations and fostering innovation in the automotive industry. This shift signifies a commitment to mitigating climate change and adopting environmentally conscious practices. The objective of the present study is to introduce blends of zeotropic refrigerants based on CO2 (R-744), namely R455A (a blend of R-744, R-32, and R-1234yf), R469A (a blend of R-744, R-32, and R-125), and R472A (a blend of R-744, R-32, and R-134a), to enhance the thermodynamic performance of pure CO2 refrigerant. Through the utilization of the Aspen HYSYS V11 software, an investigation is carried out involving thermodynamic energy and exergy analyses, as well as system optimization for an automotive air conditioning (AAC) system utilizing these novel zeotropic refrigerant blends, in comparison with the use of R-744 as the refrigerant. The study delves into the impact of parameters such as average evaporator temperature, condenser/cooler pressure, refrigerant flow rate, and condenser/cooler outlet temperature on AACs’ output parameters and subsequently presents the findings. The outcomes reveal that, under equivalent operational circumstances, the adoption of R455A, R469A, and R472A offers improvements in coefficient of performance (COP) by 35.4%, 18.75%, and 2%, respectively, when compared to R744. This shift is advantageous as it mitigates leakage-related issues stemming from the elevated operational pressure of R744 and eliminates the need for cumbersome equipment. R455A and R469A obtain the greatest COP and exergy efficiency (ηex) values, measuring 4.44 and 4.55, respectively, at the identical operating conditions with optimal condenser/cooler pressures of the examined blends. Furthermore, eco-friendly refrigerants R455A and R472A are recommended for integration into AAC systems in vehicles, as they help combat global warming and protect natural surroundings and leakage issues.

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Experimental and theoretical assessments on the systematic performance of a single-stage air-source heat pump using ternary mixture in cold regions

Luo

Yang

Liu

et al. 2023

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurement and heating performance modeling on eco-friendly zeotropic blends of CO2/R1234ze(Z) and CO2/R1336mzz(E)

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Zeotropic Refrigerants R-455A and R-463A as Alternatives for R-744 in Automotive Air-Conditioning System (AACs)

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Zeotropic Refrigerants R-455A and R-463A as Alternatives for R-744 in Automotive Air-Conditioning System (AACs)

Investigating New Environmentally Friendly Zeotropic Refrigerants as Possible Replacements for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Car Air Conditioners

Experimental and theoretical assessments on the systematic performance of a single-stage air-source heat pump using ternary mixture in cold regions

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