Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium at 350 K, Excess Molar Enthalpies at 298 K, and Excess Molar Volumes at 298 K of Binary Mixtures Containing Ethyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate, and 2-Butanol

Abstract

Vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE), excess molar enthalpies (H E ), and excess molar volumes (V E ) provide means of developing accurate thermodynamic models. In this work, new data of binary mixtures of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and 2-butanol are reported. Isothermal VLE data at 350 K were measured by using a circulation still for ethyl acetate + 2-butanol, for 2-butanol + butyl acetate, and for ethyl acetate + butyl acetate. H E was measured at 298 K by using a SETARAM C80 calorimeter equipped with a flow mixing cell. V E was measured at 298 K by using an Anton Paar DMA 512P densimeter. Liquid phase activity coefficients of the Wilson model and vapor phase fugacities of the Hayden−O'Connell correlation were regressed for a thermodynamic model based on the measured data. Model extrapolation agreed well with literature data. Redlich−Kister equation parameters were regressed by using only the measured V E data.

Photosynthesis Regulation in Response to Fluctuating Light in the Secondary Endosymbiont Alga Nannochloropsis gaditana

“…NPQ kinetics upon exposure to fluctuating light were also monitored in cells treated with DTT, an inhibitor of zeaxanthin biosynthesis. The results in all cases showed that NPQ was largely depleted in the presence of the inhibitor, indicating that its activation is dependent on the xanthophyll cycle in all tested conditions, as expected for this species (Cao et al, 2013;Chukhutsina et al, 2017;Laavi et al, 2013;Park et al, 2019).…”

Process optimization by response surface methodology for transesterification of renewable ethyl acetate to butyl acetate biofuel additive over borated USY zeolite

“…Recently, butyl acetate bearing a high ash point (295 K) and a very low freezing point (200 K) has been recognized as a potential biofuel additive. [1][2][3] The low freezing point (200 K) of butyl acetate improves the cold ow properties of biodiesel without signicantly affecting cetane number and the mixture's heat of combustion. Moreover, its high ash point (295 K) makes it safer to use as a biodiesel additive and it also makes it superior to ethyl acetate with a ash point of 269 K and other similar biodiesel additives.…”

“…Moreover, its high ash point (295 K) makes it safer to use as a biodiesel additive and it also makes it superior to ethyl acetate with a ash point of 269 K and other similar biodiesel additives. [1][2][3][4] The process for production of ethyl acetate 5 and butanol 6,7 by renewable routes has been widely researched. Recent advancements in bioprocess and biotechnology has developed an environmentally benign and economically feasible fermentation process to produce butanol and ethyl acetate.…”

“…Recent advancements in bioprocess and biotechnology has developed an environmentally benign and economically feasible fermentation process to produce butanol and ethyl acetate. 1,8,9 Hence transesterication of this fermentation derived bioethylacetate with bio-butanol to produce bio-butyl acetate would be green process.…”

“…Transesterication of butanol with ethyl acetate can be carried out over homogeneous catalyst, but due to the wellknown disadvantages of homogeneous catalysts are reinforced by environmental policies. 1 Thus, it is technological challenge to develop eco-friendly and highly active heterogeneous catalytic process for butyl acetate synthesis. Very limited literature is available on transesterication of butanol with ethyl acetate over heterogeneous catalysts.…”