Summary
Fuel cell technology has matured, and much emphasis has been placed on commercialization efforts for these systems, whether for stationary or portable applications. Several factors influence commercialization success, including the use of strong, durable, and cost‐effective material technology. The two most important components in a fuel cell are the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. In addition, some crucial characteristics need to be possessed: high catalytic activity, high surface area, high proton conductivity, low fuel permeability, and increased stability chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The following properties will require the development of catalysts and membranes in the nano‐scale structure. Nanofiber is a unique nanostructure that has been investigated in fuel cell technology to produce the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. The electrospinning technique has gained prominence to fabricate nanofibers because of its ease to use, simplicity, and wide range of applications. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the electrospinning process by explaining the operating principle, parameters influencing the electrospinning technique, and application of nanofibers in the fuel cell, specifically for the fabrication of electrolyte electrospun nanofiber membranes and fibrous materials as an electrochemical catalyst in fuel cell applications. This review also discusses the benefits of the investigated nanofiber materials and the challenges and prospects of the electrospinning technique in a fuel cell.