Vapor-deposited poly( N -vinylcarbazole) films for hole transport layer in organic electroluminescent devices

Hanai, N.; Sumitomo, M.; Yanagi, Hisao

doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(98)00906-7

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, the films with such microstructure cannot be used in OLEDs due to the high probability of inhomogeneity of the current density, local overheating and as a result nonuniform luminescence as well as unstable operation of the OLEDs. 18 However, it is known based on the example of AlQ 3 thin films that the vacuum annealing can lead to a significant smoothening of the surface, 31,32 which was also found to be the case for the surface smoothing for Tb(bz) 3 system (Table 3, Fig. S5 †).…”

Section: Thickness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 85%

Reactive chemical vapour deposition (RCVD) of non-volatile terbium aromatic carboxylate thin films

et al. 2012

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In this work we report a new RCVD technique which allows the deposition of nonvolatile compounds from the gas phase into thin films. The technique developed is based on the metathesis reaction in the gas phase between the volatile reagents with the following deposition of the nonvolatile product. A novel RCVD reactor has been constructed and consists of two evaporation (T 1 , T 2 ) zones connected to the reaction zone (T 3 ). This approach has been successfully tested on terbium carboxylates (Tb(Carb) 3 ; HCarb ¼ Hbz (benzoic acid), Hpobz (o-phenoxybenzoic acid)) as nonvolatile but promising complexes for their application as thin film optical materials. We demonstrated that the construction of the reactor plays a crucial role in the controlling of the films composition, morphology and thickness. The optimal parameters have been found and Tb(Carb) 3 thin films with roughness $2-4 nm and thickness in the range of $40-200 nm were obtained.

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Section: Thickness and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 85%

Reactive chemical vapour deposition (RCVD) of non-volatile terbium aromatic carboxylate thin films

et al. 2012

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“…Hee Sam Kim, Ki Bum Kee, Young Jae Lee, Sung Soo Han, Yong Sik Chung, Han Yong Jeon, Yong Rok Lee, Yeong Soon Gal, Seok Kyun Noh, Won Seok Lyoo researchers have been centred on the application of PVCz film for the various applications described above [19][20][21][22] . Preparation of electrospun PVCz web having brilliant surface area, flexibility, and toughness than PVCz film are expected to extend the region of application of shape and size of PVCz.…”

Section: Effect Of Solvent On the Morphology Of High Molecular Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solvent on the Morphology of High Molecular Weight Poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Web Prepared by Electrospinning

Kim¹,

Kee

Lee

et al. 2010

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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The effects of solvents such as 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other processing parameters of electrospinning on the spinnability of high molecular weight poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVCz) solution and morphological variations of the as-spun PVCz web were investigated. That is, electrospun PVCz webs with various dimensions and shapes were obtained by controlling the type and amount of solvent and processing parameters like applied voltage, tip to the collector distance, and solution concentration. In the cases of all parameters, the average diameter of fibres in PVCz web electrospun in TCE was finer than that in THF. In addition, minimum diameters of fibres were about 900 nm and 3 μm for TCE and THF, respectively. In THF, PVCz fibres at high initial polymer concentration were not cylindrical but planar, which were similar with “ribbon” and nano-sized pores, resulting from the differences in evaporation rates and in the viscosities of the solvent and the solutions.

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“…However, a small molecule has a potential weak point such as low impact strength, interdiffusion between organic layers, and process limitation in a vacuum only. This regard motivated to develop several types of hole transporting polymers such as side-chain polymers, − main-chain polymers, − cross-linked polymers, − and polysilanes − because a polymer has generally high toughness compared to a small molecule as well as it can be processed under a wet condition which is relatively cheaper than a dry process in a vacuum. The application of these polymers for the OLED created a new category of a hybrid OLED (HOLED), which is named to differentiate it from the conventional OLED with the small molecules only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characteristics of Poly[N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-bis(4-aminobiphenyl)-(1,1‘-biphenyl)-4,4‘-diamine pyromellitimide] as a Hole Injecting and Transporting Layer for Hybrid Organic Light-Emitting Device

Kim

Han

2002

Macromolecules

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A novel hole injecting and transporting polymer, poly[N,N ‘-diphenyl-N,N ‘-bis(4-aminobiphenyl)-(1,1‘-biphenyl)-4,4‘-diamine pyromellitimide] (PMDA-DBABBD PI), was obtained by thermal imidization from its poly(amic acid) (PAA) made by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with the DBABBD that was chemically reduced from N,N ‘-diphenyl-N,N ‘-bis(4-nitrobiphenyl)-(1,1‘-biphenyl)-4,4‘-diamine synthesized through the palladium-catalyzed amination. The materials were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, HR GC-MS, EA, and DSC. The characteristics of the PAA or PI thin films were investigated with XPS and an impedance spectroscopy. The hybrid light-emitting devices (HOLEDs) with the PAA and PI thin films were fabricated to examine the performance of the polymeric thin films as a hole injecting and transporting layer. The PI thin film having the glass transition temperature of 200 °C showed stable characteristics in the application for the HOLED whereas the PAA thin film seemed to be unstable. The power efficiency of the HOLED with the PI thin film was 0.23 cd/A at 4000 cd/m2.

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Vapor-deposited poly( N -vinylcarbazole) films for hole transport layer in organic electroluminescent devices

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Reactive chemical vapour deposition (RCVD) of non-volatile terbium aromatic carboxylate thin films

Reactive chemical vapour deposition (RCVD) of non-volatile terbium aromatic carboxylate thin films

Effect of Solvent on the Morphology of High Molecular Weight Poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Web Prepared by Electrospinning

Synthesis and Characteristics of Poly[N,N‘-diphenyl-N,N‘-bis(4-aminobiphenyl)-(1,1‘-biphenyl)-4,4‘-diamine pyromellitimide] as a Hole Injecting and Transporting Layer for Hybrid Organic Light-Emitting Device

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