Vanillin improves scopolamine‑induced memory impairment through restoration of ID1 expression in the mouse hippocampus

Abstract

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), contained in a number of species of plant, has been reported to display beneficial effects against brain injuries. In the present study, the impact of vanillin on scopolamine-induced alterations in cognition and the expression of DNA binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID1), one of the inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation proteins that regulate gene transcription, in the mouse hippocampus. Mice were treated with 1 mg/kg scopolamine with or without 40 mg/kg vanillin once daily for 4 weeks. Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was observed from 1 week and was deemed to be severe 4 weeks following the administration of scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine-treated mice markedly attenuated cognitive impairment 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. ID1-immunoreactive cells were revealed in the hippocampus of vehicle-treated mice, and were hardly detected 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine-treated mice markedly restored ID1-immunoreactive cells and expression 4 weeks subsequent to treatment. The results of the present study suggested that vanillin may be beneficial for cognitive impairment, by preventing the reduction of ID1 expression which may be associated with cognitive impairment.

Potential Effects of Phenolic Compounds That Can Be Found in Olive Oil on Wound Healing

“…The antioxidant activity of HTyr was demonstrated in human keratinocytes subjected to UVB rays, observing that it protects against DNA damage and reduces intracellular ROS [ 70 ]. HTyr treatment was also found to reduce β-galactosidase, responsible for senescence, in dermal fibroblasts subjected to UVA light-induced photoaging, suggesting a possible anti-aging effect on skin [ 84 ].…”

“…Vanillin is an aromatic aldehyde with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 159 , 160 , 161 ]. It is widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries and is also present in EVOO [ 162 , 163 , 164 ].…”

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of the Compounds Isolated from Vanda roxburghii

“…Vanillin, a naturally occurring flavoring agent and a major phenolic constituent of the vanilla beans has been described as a multifunctional agent with the ability to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, reduce the production of free radicals, and decrease the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines [27][28][29][30]. e compound has shown significant improvement in cognitive impairment in mice induced by scopolamine [31]. Dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate, a common phenolic constituent of the orchid plants, has been isolated first in 1993 from Ephemerantha fimbriata [32], but since then no biological activity of this compound has been known so far.…”

Circulating metabolomics profiling reveals novel pathways associated with cognitive decline in patients with hypertension

“… 42 – 45 In addition, vanillin has been shown to attenuate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment via modulating the DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 and neuronal differentiation. 46 , 47 Ethyl methoxycinnamate reportedly improves cognitive impairment independent of direct acetylcholinesterase and glutamate receptor inhibition in an aluminum-induced memory deficit rat model. 41 Moreover, cinnamaldehyde attenuates cognitive deficits via regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the prefrontal cortex.…”