Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

Won, Jun Yeon; Kim, Moo‐Sang

doi:10.2147/opth.s46792

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…hominis infections, particularly those resistant to vancomycin and linezolid and those carrying the SCC mec gene. [ 10 , 37 ] Recent phenotypic and molecular characterisations of S . hominis clinical isolates have found that S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesWe aimed to characterise the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, genetic relatedness, biofilm formation and composition, icaADBC genes detection, icaD expression, and antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus hominis isolates from blood.MethodsThe study included 67 S. hominis blood isolates. Methicillin resistance was evaluated with the cefoxitin disk test. mecA gene and SCCmec were detected by multiplex PCR. Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Biofilm formation and composition were evaluated by staining with crystal violet and by detachment assay, respectively; and the biofilm index (BI) was determined. Detection and expression of icaADBC genes were performed by multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic cells (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and biofilm cells (minimum biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) were determined by the broth dilution method.ResultsEighty-five percent (57/67) of isolates were methicillin resistant and mecA positive. Of the mecA-positive isolates, 66.7% (38/57) carried a new putative SCCmec type. Four clones were detected, with two to five isolates each. Among all isolates, 91% (61/67) were categorised as strong biofilm producers. Biofilm biomass composition was heterogeneous (polysaccharides, proteins and DNA). All isolates presented the icaD gene, and 6.66% (1/15) isolates expressed icaD. This isolate presented the five genes of ica operon. Higher BI and MBEC values than the MIC values were observed for amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.Conclusions S. hominis isolates were highly resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials. Most of the detected SCCmec types were different than those described for S. aureus. Isolates indicated low clonality. The results indicate that S. hominis is a strong biofilm producer with an extracellular matrix with similar composition of proteins, DNA and N-acetylglucosamine; and presents high frequency and low expression of icaD gene. Biofilm production is associated with increased antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hominis infections are often highly resistant to antibiotics and thus, are difficult to treat. Resistance to linezolid and vancomycin has been reported in several isolates [ 8 – 10 ]. Furthermore, methicillin resistance, which is associated with the mecA gene, has been found in up to 80% S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood

et al. 2015

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“…However, due to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococci, a reduction in the use of this antibiotic has been recommended. Recently, Won and Kim ( 2013 ) has reported the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. hominis. Also, the emergence of resistance to relatively new antibiotics, such as linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin, has also been noted, in clinical S. hominis strains (Petinaki et al 2005 ; Ruiz de Gopegui et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in Staphylococcus hominis strains isolated from clinical specimens

Szczuka

Makowska

Bosacka³

et al. 2015

Folia Microbiol

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequently isolated bacteria from the blood and the predominant cause of nosocomial infections. Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics, especially erythromycin and clindamycin, are important therapeutic agents in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococci infections. Among CoNS, Staphylococcus hominis represents the third most common organism. In spite of its clinical significance, very little is known about its mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, especially MLSB. Fifty-five S. hominis isolates from the blood and the surgical wounds of hospitalized patients were studied. The erm(C) gene was predominant in erythromycin-resistant S. hominis isolates. The methylase genes, erm(A) and erm(B), were present in 15 and 25 % of clinical isolates, respectively. A combination of various erythromycin resistance methylase (erm) genes was detected in 15 % S. hominis isolates. The efflux gene msr(A) was detected in 18 % of isolates, alone in four isolates, and in different combinations in a further six. The lnu(A) gene, responsible for enzymatic inactivation of lincosamides was carried by 31 % of the isolates. No erythromycin resistance that could not be attributed to the genes erm(A), erm(B), erm(C) and msr(A) was detected. In S. hominis, 75 and 84 %, respectively, were erythromycin resistant and clindamycin susceptible. Among erythromycin-resistant S. hominis isolates, 68 % of these strains showed the inducible MLSB phenotype. Four isolates harbouring the msr(A) genes alone displayed the MSB phenotype. These studies indicated that resistance to MLSB in S. hominis is mostly based on the ribosomal target modification mechanism mediated by erm genes, mainly the erm(C), and enzymatic drug inactivation mediated by lnu(A).

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“…hominis in certain conditions have been reported to possess vancomycin resistance gene Won and Kim. 28 Hence, it is of relevance to highlight the sensitivity of the isolates to vancomycin. Based on this finding, vancomycin can be an effective agent in the management of LF-related wound infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of Staphylococcus hominis from filarial lymphedema patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana: A cross‐sectional study

Kini

Wireko

Osei-Poku

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aim Filarial infections affect over 150 million people in the tropics. One of the major forms of filarial pathologies is lymphedema; a condition where the immune response is significantly altered, resulting in changes in the normal flora. Staphylococcus hominis , a human skin commensal, can also be pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, there is the possibility that S. hominis could assume a different behavior in filarial lymphedema patients. To this end, we investigated the levels of antibiotic resistance and extent of mec A gene carriage in S. hominis among individuals presenting with filarial lymphedema in rural Ghana. Method We recruited 160 individuals with stages I–VII lymphedema, in a cross‐sectional study in the Ahanta West District of the Western Region of Ghana. Swabs from lymphedematous limb ulcers, pus, and cutaneous surfaces were cultured using standard culture‐based techniques. The culture isolates were subjected to Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry for bacterial identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer method. mec A genes were targeted by polymerase chain reaction for strains that were cefoxitin resistant. Results In all, 112 S . hominis were isolated. The AST results showed resistance to chloramphenicol (87.5%), tetracycline (83.3%), penicillin (79.2%), and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (45.8%). Of the 112 strains of S. hominis , 51 (45.5%) were resistant to cefoxitin, and 37 (72.5%) of the cefoxitin‐resistant S. hominis haboured the mec A gene. Conclusion This study indicates a heightened level of methicillin‐resistant S. hominis isolated among filarial lymphedema patients. As a result, opportunistic infections of S. hominis among the already burdened filarial lymphedema patients in rural Ghana may have reduced treatment success with antibiotics.

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Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus hominis Isolates from Blood

Molecular basis of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins in Staphylococcus hominis strains isolated from clinical specimens

Antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of Staphylococcus hominis from filarial lymphedema patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana: A cross‐sectional study

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