Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Lessing, M.P.A.; Mj, Raftery

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)78596-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Vancomycin is frequently the drug of last resort in treatment of MRSA. It is worth noting that, although strains of MRSA with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin have emerged (Anonymous, 1997;Lessing & Raftery, 1998;Woodford et al 2000), the mechanism of resistance is unrelated to that seen in VRE. A high proportion of the VRE problems in the USA is caused by vanB VRE, which presumably emerged because of the high selection pressure in American hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin–dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistantEscherichia coli, and salmonella such asSalmonella typhimuriumDT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

2000

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“…The increased use of vancomycin has also selected for clinical resistance in the staphylococci [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Fig (1). Binding of D-ala-D-ala to vancomycin.…”

Section: Vancomycin Resistance and Tolerance In Other Gram Positive Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Transglycosylation Involved in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Goldman¹,

Gange²

2000

CMC

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The continuing spectre of resistance to antimicrobial agents has driven a sustained search for new agents that possess activity on drug resistant bacteria. Although several paths are available to reach this goal, the most generalized would be the discovery and clinical development of an agent that acts on a new target which has not yet experienced selective pressure in the clinical setting. Such a target should be essential to the growth and survival of bacteria, and sufficiently different from, or better still non-existent in, the human host. The transglycosylation reaction that polymerizes biochemical intermediates into peptidoglycan qualifies as such a target. This biochemical system accepts the basic unit N-acetylglucosamine-beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol (lipid II), and leads to polymerization of the N-acetylglucosamine -beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide segment into peptidoglycan. Approaches to targeting this reaction include modification of known glycolipid and glycopeptide natural product antibiotics. The synthesis and antibacterial activity of synthetic analogs of moenomycin having novel antibacterial activities not present in the parent structure will be presented, together with the combinatorial chemistry and assay systems leading to their discovery. Likewise, we will discuss chemical modifications to specific glycopeptide antibiotics that have extended their spectrum to include vancomycin resistant enterococci that substitute D-alanyl-D-lactate for D-alanyl-D-alanine in their peptidoglycan. Two differing theories, one positing the generation of high affinity, specific binding to D-alanyl-D-lactate via glycopeptide dimerization and/or membrane anchoring, and the other supporting direct targeting of the modified glycopeptide to the transglycosylation complex, seek to explain the mechanism of action on vancomycin resistant enterococci. Biochemical evidence in support of these two theories will be discussed.

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“…In Europe, no S. aureus strains with reduced susceptibility have been reported yet. Lessing et al [56] conducted a retrospective audit of altogether 137 episodes of blood stream infection due to S. aureus from London, United Kingdom. The authors retested 32 stored S. aureus stock-cultures (25 MSSA and 7 MRSA), but found no isolates with reduced susceptibility, or resistance to vancomycin.…”

Section: Glycopeptide Resistance Of Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, they were intermediately susceptible to vancomycin with a MIC of 8 µg/ml when tested with broth microdilution [63]. Although, data concerning glycopeptide agar-gradient-diffusion susceptibility tests (E-test) in case of GISA strains as to compared to broth micro-dilution tests are not readily available, it seems that vancomycin susceptibility test should be performed with one of the above quantitative methods at least in case of high risk for vancomycin resistance [56]. All the other antimicrobials should be tested according to the guidelines of NCCLS with the quantitative methods whenever it is possible.…”

Section: Detection Of Glycopeptide Resistant S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resitance to b lactams and glycopeptides in staphylococci and sterptococci (A review)

Rozgonyi¹,

Ostorházi²,

Maródi³

et al. 2001

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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Molecular mechanisms of the action of beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics, as well as genetic background and phenotypical features of the resistance of staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci to these antibiotics are reviewed. Furthermore, susceptibility patterns concerning beta-lactam and glycopeptide drugs of staphylococcal, streptococcal, as well as enterococcal strains isolated from clinical specimens at the Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary between January 1997 and December 2000 are also presented.

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Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt

Inhibition of Transglycosylation Involved in Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Resitance to b lactams and glycopeptides in staphylococci and sterptococci (A review)

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