Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City

Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Jennifer; Guevara, V. López Ladrón de; Pérez‐Jimenez, Carolina; Espinosa-Aguilar, Luis; Rolón, Ana Lilia; Hernández-Cruz, Araceli; López-Jácome, Esaú; Bobadilla-Del-Valle, Miriam; Martínez-Gamboa, Areli; Ponce-de-León, Alfredo; Sifuentes–Osornio, José

doi:10.3201/eid1305.061421

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Accordingly, in this study, three E. faecium isolates were VAN-resistant and were also typed for the vanA gene. There is only one previous report of the presence of VAN-resistant E. faecium isolates in Mexico that were also typed for the vanA gene [35]. Our results highlight the presence of a high-level resistance to VAN in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

One-Year Surveillance of ESKAPE Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit of Monterrey, Mexico

Llaca-Díaz¹,

Mendoza-Olazarán

Camacho-Ortíz

et al. 2012

Chemotherapy

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Background: Bacterial species from the ESKAPE group (i.e. Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species) are frequently resistant to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to monitor the incidence of ESKAPE pathogens at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. Methods: All clinically relevant organisms isolated from June 2011 to June 2012 were included. Identification and susceptibility testing was performed using panels from Sensititre. Resistance to oxacillin, for S. aureus, and the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), for K. pneumonia, were determined as defined by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Also, the presence of vanA and vanB genes was determined in E. faecium vancomycin (VAN)-resistant isolates. Results: The majority of pathogens (64.5%) isolated in the ICU unit were from the ESKAPE group. The organisms most frequently isolated were A. baumannii (15.8%) and P. aeruginosa (14.3%). A high resistance to carbapenems was detected for A. baumannii (75.3%) while 62% of S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be methicillin resistant. Of the K. pneumoniae isolates, 36.9% were ESBL producers. We detected three E. faecium VAN-resistant isolates, all of which contained the vanA gene. Conclusion: The presence of the ESKAPE group of pathogens is a major problem in the ICU setting. The results of this study support the implementation of special antimicrobial strategies to specifically target these microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

One-Year Surveillance of ESKAPE Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit of Monterrey, Mexico

Llaca-Díaz¹,

Mendoza-Olazarán

Camacho-Ortíz

et al. 2012

Chemotherapy

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“…faecalis without vanA or vanB resistance genes had also been observed in humans (Cuellar‐Rodríguez et al . ; Malhotra‐Kumar et al . ), and we believe these isolates may possess other less common resistance genes ( vanD , vanE , vanG and vanL ) not included in our PCR protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and risk factors of vancomycin-resistantEnterococci(VRE) among animal-affiliated workers in Malaysia

et al. 2012

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Aims: This study determined the risk factors and characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) among individuals working with animals in Malaysia. Methods and Results: Targeted cross-sectional studies accompanied with laboratory analysis for the identification and characterization of resistance and virulence genes and with genotype of VRE were performed. VRE were detected in 9Á4% (95% CI: 6Á46-13Á12) of the sampled populations. Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus gallinarum were isolated, and vanA was detected in 70% of the isolates. Enterococcus faecalis with vanB was obtained from one foreign poultry worker. At least one virulence gene was detected in >50% of Ent. faecium and Ent. faecalis isolates. The esp and gelE genes were common among Ent. faecium (58Á3%) and Ent. faecalis (78%), respectively. The VRE species showed diverse RAPD profiles with some clustering of strains based on the individual's background. However, the risk factors found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of VRE were age (OR: 5Á39, 95% CI: 1Á98-14Á61) and previous hospitalization (OR: 4Á06, 95% CI: 1Á33-12Á35). Conclusion: VRE species isolated from individuals in this study have high level of vancomycin resistance, were genetically diverse and possessed the virulence traits. Age of individuals and history of hospitalization rather than occupational background determined VRE colonization. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides comprehensive findings on the epidemiological and molecular features of VRE among healthy individuals working with animals.

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“…A recent study identified vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) as the only drug resistant pathogen among isolates from ICUs from 18 developing countries which did not exceed the incidence seen in the respective data from surveys in the US [94]. However, from the sparse data available it seems that the problem is clearly emerging particularly in the developing countries of Asia [95][96][97][98], Latin America [99,100] and Africa [101]. A SENTRY study found 10,3% of E. faecium and 0.4% of E. faecalis resistant to vancomycin in the Asia-Pacific region [102].…”

Section: Enterococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

Vilà

Pál

2010

TOIDJ

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Antimicrobial resistance has increased drastically in recent years in the developing countries, and it has rapidly become a leading public health concern. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varies greatly between and within countries and between different pathogens. However, overall a trend to the increase of the resistance to those antimicrobial agents more often used in these countries has been observed. Several factors can contribute to the rapid emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, the current antimicrobial resistance in different microorganisms from different countries as well as the factors contributing to the emergence and spread of resistance in developing countries will be reviewed.

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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

One-Year Surveillance of ESKAPE Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit of Monterrey, Mexico

One-Year Surveillance of ESKAPE Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit of Monterrey, Mexico

Characterization and risk factors of vancomycin-resistantEnterococci(VRE) among animal-affiliated workers in Malaysia

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

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