Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-clinical studies

Hasanpour, Fereshteh; Neyestani, Zohreh; Arzanlou, Mohsen; Moradi–Asl, Eslam; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Khademi, Farzad

doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101265

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, our results support the notion that E. faecium exhibits greater multidrug ARE compared to other Enterococcus species. [ 22 23 27 28 29 30 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Genes Related to Linezolid Resistance (poxtA, cfr, and optrA) in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. from Humans: A First Report from Iran

Poursina

Torabi

Faghri

2023

Advanced Biomedical Research

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Background: Enterococci may develop resistance to linezolid through chromosomal mutations that involve specific linezolid resistance genes, such as cfr , optrA , and poxtA . The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of enterococcal isolates and identify cfr , optrA , and poxtA genes in MDR isolates. Materials and Methods: Enterococcal isolates were collected from various clinical specimens at Al-Zahra, Amin, and Khorshid Hospitals in Isfahan. The Enterococcus isolates were identified as belonging to the E. faecalis and E. faecium species by using specific gene (D alanine D alanine ligase ddl ) sets in PCR. To detect cfr , optrA , and poxtA genes among the species, a multiplex-PCR assay was performed. Results: Out of 175 isolates, E. faecalis predominated 129/175 (73.7%). Furthermore, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and linezolid-resistant Enterococci (LRE) was 29.7% and 4%, respectively. The overall prevalence of MDR was 91.1%, 68.9%, and 66.6% of E. faecium , E. faecalis , and other Enterococcus spp ., respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of optrA (71.4%) in E. faecium and poxtA and crf (42.8%) in E. faecalis were detected among LRE species. A statistically significant relationship ( P < 0.05) was found between the presence of the three genes and the occurrence of LRE. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the detection of linezolid resistance genes ( cfr , optrA , and poxtA ) in clinical Enterococcus spp . isolates from Iran, conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals. The emergence of enterococcal strains that resist linezolid is concerning as it can lead to the spread of resistant strains among patients, resulting in treatment failure.

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“…Additionally, our results support the notion that E. faecium exhibits greater multidrug ARE compared to other Enterococcus species. [ 22 23 27 28 29 30 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Genes Related to Linezolid Resistance (poxtA, cfr, and optrA) in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. from Humans: A First Report from Iran

Poursina

Torabi

Faghri

2023

Advanced Biomedical Research

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“…However, in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, CoNS and VRE were found in patients' blood, urine, and wounds, at 12% and 34.61%, respectively [69]. In hospital in Iran, 33.4% prevalence of VRE was also found [70].…”

Section: Amr Genes In Bacterial Genomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Source of Oxytetracycline and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Seafood

et al. 2021

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The present study employs a data review on the presence and aggregation of oxytetracycline (OTC) and resistance (AMR) bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and the distribution of the contaminated effluent with the aid of shallow and deep ocean currents. The study aims to determine the fate of OTC and AMR bacteria in seafood, and demonstrate a relationship between AMR levels and human health. This review includes (1) OTC, (2) AMR bacteria, (3) heavy metals in aquatic environments, and their relationship. Few publications describe OCT in surface waters. Although OTC and other tetracyclines were found in 10 countries in relatively low concentrations, the continuous water mass movement poses a contamination risk for mariculture and aquaculture. There are 10 locations showing AMR bacteria in treated and untreated hospital effluent. Special effort was made to define the geography distribution of OTC, AMR bacteria, and heavy metals detected in WWTPs to show the likely dissemination in an aquatic environment. The presence of OTC in surface waters in Asia, USA, and Europe can potentially impact seafood globally with the aid of ocean currents. Moreover, low concentrations of heavy metals exert environmental pressure and contribute to AMR dissemination. Recommended solutions are (1) quantitative analysis of OTC, heavy metals, and AMR bacteria to define their main sources; (2) employing effective technologies in urban and industrial wastewater treatment; and (3) selecting appropriate modelling from Global Ocean Observing System to predict the OTC, heavy metals, and AMR bacteria distribution.

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“…They can be involved in severe nosocomial infections (such as urinary tract infections, peritoneal infections, wound infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis) and various infections for animals (including mastitis, diarrhea, and sepsis) (3). In addition, they can adapt and survive for a long time in new settings with complex conditions (4). When these bacteria are discharged into the environment, they may cause faecal contamination of water, soil, wastewater, fruits, plants, and animal-derived food (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from a Meat Source in Shahrekord Local Markets, Iran

2022

ARI

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Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and E. faecium (E. faecium) are commensals of the gastrointestinal biota of humans and animals and are considered opportunistic pathogens. This study aimed to improve the knowledge about E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from meat. To this end, 104 meat samples were collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and calves from Shahrekord local markets in Iran. Presumptive colonies of E. faecalis and E. faecium were isolated from the samples and subjected to identification tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect some virulence genes. Furthermore, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing and repetitive element sequence-based PCR fingerprinting were used to show the clonal relatedness of the isolates. The results revealed that enterococci were present in 90 out of 104 samples. Specifically, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the commonly isolated species, with the predominance of E. faecalis, which exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (95%) but was susceptible to vancomycin (85.6%). Virulence genes detection showed that ccf and cpd genes were the most prevalent genes in both species. In addition, the molecular typing method indicated that the isolates belonged to separate subgroups. This study shows the contamination of meat products by potential pathogens and resistant enterococci. There is a need to implement regular surveillance to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium in food, particularly in meat production.

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-clinical studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of Genes Related to Linezolid Resistance (poxtA, cfr, and optrA) in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. from Humans: A First Report from Iran

Detection of Genes Related to Linezolid Resistance (poxtA, cfr, and optrA) in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. from Humans: A First Report from Iran

Hospital Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Source of Oxytetracycline and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Seafood

Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from a Meat Source in Shahrekord Local Markets, Iran

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