Vancomycin quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum

The pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between single and combined administration. No antagonistic effects were observed in serum bactericidal activity with the combination against 20 gram-positive and 20 gram-negative locally isolated bacteria. A titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 was generated by the combination against all test strains except enterococci. Seven of ten volunteers developed a typical "red man's syndrome" during the administration of 1.0 g of vancomycin.

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“…Urine concentrations of vancomycin were also determined by HPLC (18,28). The coefficient of variation was 3.5% at 23.4 ,ug/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime in healthy volunteers

Boeckh

Lode

Börner

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The concentration of vancomycin in serum and dialysate was measured by modification of a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography assay (12). The mobile phase consisted of 12% acetonitrile and 88% 0.1 M heptanesulfonic acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vancomycin was extracted from serum and dialysate as previously described (12). To 500 pul of sample (serum or dialysate), 500 p,l of acetonitrile was added, and the mixture was vortexed for 60 s, shaken for 5 min, and centrifuged (1,200 x g) for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of intraperitoneal and intravenous vancomycin pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Morse¹,

Farolino²,

Apicella³

et al. 1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The pharmacokinetic characteristics of vancomycin were investigated in eight patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A crossover design was used. Four noninfected patients received both a 15-mg/kg (body weight) intravenous dose and a 30-mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose. Bioavailability ranged from 0.35 to 0.65 after i.p. administration. i.p. absorption was rapid, with concenttrations in serum of 8.8 ± 6 ,ug/ml noted at-1 h and peak values of 30.4 ± 7 ,ug/ml at 6 h. A slow distribution phase was apparent, with a terminal eliminatioli phase emnerging after 12 to 24 h. Vancomycin was eliminated slowly, with a mean total clearance of 5.0 ± 1.3 ml/min, and concentrations in serum were 7.0 ± 1.2 ,ug/ml at 168 h. The mean serum half-life was 91.7 ± 28.1 h, and similar pharmacokinetics were noted after intravenous administration. Subsequently, four patients with catheter-related exit site or tunnel infections received a 30-mng/kg i.p. dose of vancomycin and displayed a similar kinetic pattern. This method of administering vancomycin achieved therapeutic serum and end-dwell dialysate concentrations over a 1-week period, represents a simple, cost-effective therapy which avoids the possibility of infusion-related toxicity, and deserves further investigation in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.

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“…The free drug concentration in the ultrafiltrate was then quantitated. Vancomycin concentrations in protein solution, ultrafiltrate, and serum were determined by the ion-pair, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method (8,13). The standard curve was linear from 0.1 to 100 ,ug/ml.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum protein-binding characteristics of vancomycin

Sun

Maderazo

Krusell

1993

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A synthesis of studies of serum protein binding of vancomycin and its reported abnormal binding in serum with very high concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) suggests that this antibiotic may be bound to more than one serum protein. Using an ultrafiltration method for separating free from bound drug and high-performance liquid chromatography to measure drug concentration, we studied the binding characteristics of vancomycin for alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, IgG, IgM, IgA, and albumin. The results showed that vancomycin does not bind to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, IgG, or IgM. Major binding to albumin and IgA occurs, and total drug binding to serum proteins can be fully explained by binding to these two proteins. We calculated an N (number of binding sites per molecule) of 1.3 +/- 0.4 and a K (association constant) of 3.3 x 10(5) +/- 6.3 x 10(4) M-1 (NK = 4.3 x 10(5) M-1) for binding to IgA, whereas the corresponding NK value for albumin was only 527.5 M-1, indicating that vancomycin preferentially binds to IgA. Very high concentrations of IgA in serum (i.e., grams per deciliter), such as in patients with IgA myeloma, may result in the paradox of high (total) concentrations of vancomycin in serum that may be clinically ineffective.

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Vancomycin quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime in healthy volunteers

Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime in healthy volunteers

Comparative study of intraperitoneal and intravenous vancomycin pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Serum protein-binding characteristics of vancomycin

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