“…When treated bacteria were exposed to radiation, a slight rise in the number of apoptotic cells and significant changes in the expression of specific genes (related to bacterial biofilm formation and response to oxidative stress) occurred at the molecular level. For vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), a hybrid nanocomposite using GO consisting of vancomycin and photosensitizer phthalocyanine was made via π-π stacking interactions to achieve a phototherapy-based combination strategy [172]. Treating bacteria with this delivery system and application of photothermal and photodynamic treatment result in almost 2-3 logs of bacterial reduction when tested in vitro.…”
Graphene, fullerenes, diamond, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots are just a few of the carbon-based nanomaterials that have gained enormous popularity in a variety of scientific disciplines and industrial uses. As a two-dimensional material in the creation of therapeutic delivery systems for many illnesses, nanosized graphene oxide (NGO) is now garnering a large amount of attention among these materials. In addition to other benefits, NGO functions as a drug nanocarrier with remarkable biocompatibility, high pharmaceutical loading capacity, controlled drug release capability, biological imaging efficiency, multifunctional nanoplatform properties, and the power to increase the therapeutic efficacy of loaded agents. Thus, NGO is a perfect nanoplatform for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) to both detect and treat a variety of ailments. This review article’s main focus is on investigating surface functionality, drug-loading methods, and drug release patterns designed particularly for smart delivery systems. The paper also examines the relevance of using NGOs to build DDSs and considers prospective uses in the treatment of diseases including cancer, infection by bacteria, and bone regeneration medicine. These factors cover the use of naturally occurring medicinal substances produced from plant-based sources.
“…When treated bacteria were exposed to radiation, a slight rise in the number of apoptotic cells and significant changes in the expression of specific genes (related to bacterial biofilm formation and response to oxidative stress) occurred at the molecular level. For vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), a hybrid nanocomposite using GO consisting of vancomycin and photosensitizer phthalocyanine was made via π-π stacking interactions to achieve a phototherapy-based combination strategy [172]. Treating bacteria with this delivery system and application of photothermal and photodynamic treatment result in almost 2-3 logs of bacterial reduction when tested in vitro.…”
Graphene, fullerenes, diamond, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots are just a few of the carbon-based nanomaterials that have gained enormous popularity in a variety of scientific disciplines and industrial uses. As a two-dimensional material in the creation of therapeutic delivery systems for many illnesses, nanosized graphene oxide (NGO) is now garnering a large amount of attention among these materials. In addition to other benefits, NGO functions as a drug nanocarrier with remarkable biocompatibility, high pharmaceutical loading capacity, controlled drug release capability, biological imaging efficiency, multifunctional nanoplatform properties, and the power to increase the therapeutic efficacy of loaded agents. Thus, NGO is a perfect nanoplatform for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) to both detect and treat a variety of ailments. This review article’s main focus is on investigating surface functionality, drug-loading methods, and drug release patterns designed particularly for smart delivery systems. The paper also examines the relevance of using NGOs to build DDSs and considers prospective uses in the treatment of diseases including cancer, infection by bacteria, and bone regeneration medicine. These factors cover the use of naturally occurring medicinal substances produced from plant-based sources.
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