Vanadium
is a versatile element gaining significant interest
due
to its distribution, concentrations, accumulation, and risks. Its
historical evolution in bays with substantial human populations and
industrial development that use vanadium-related products is essential
to evaluate environmental pollution events and the pressure on natural
ecosystems. Vanadium concentrations in four sediment cores from Jiaozhou
Bay (JZB), Laizhou Bay (LZB), and the East China Sea (ECS) were analyzed
using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Vanadium
was higher in the open sea than in a semienclosed bay; the highest
concentrations were found in the ECS (98.01–131.70 μg
g–1), followed by LZB (66.35–104.33 μg
g–1) and JZB (34.95–75.58 μg g–1). Vanadium concentrations in LZB and ECS showed drastic
fluctuations and followed trends similar to those of sediment fluxes
caused by anthropogenic activities and the natural courses of the
two largest rivers in China, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
Despite higher concentrations of vanadium in the ECS and LZB, the
pollution indices indicated uncontaminated to low-contaminated habitats.
Conversely, vanadium concentrations in the JZB illustrate the significant
impacts of industries and coastal development, principally after the
1980s. Likewise, the high enrichment and pollution indices suggest
that vanadium emission, migration, and circulation of JZB occur at
concentrations beyond its natural threshold..