Vanadium Oxide Pillared by Interlayer Mg2+ Ions and Water as Ultralong-Life Cathodes for Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) show great potential for large-scale energy storage because of the advantages of low cost and safety, but their application is severely hindered by the difficulty in finding desirable electrode materials. Herein, we develop a bilayer-structured vanadium oxide (Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 $1.1H 2 O) with synergistic effect of Mg 2+ ions and lattice water as the cathode material for MIBs. The pre-intercalated Mg 2+ ions provide high electronic conductivity and excellent structural stability. The lattice water enables fast Mg 2+ ions mobility because of its charge shielding effect. As a result, the Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 $1.1H 2 O exhibits excellent rate performance and an unprecedented cycling life with capacity retention of 80.0% after 10,000 cycles. In addition, the Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 $1.1H 2 O exhibits good electrochemical performance in full MIBs. This scalable Mg 2+ host material is a promising candidate as a cathode for MIBs, and its high performance is expected to meet the requirements for large-scale storage applications.

Vanadium‐Based Nanomaterials: A Promising Family for Emerging Metal‐Ion Batteries

“…Until now, a large number of vanadates have been reported, and most of which have been studied for Li + storage. Recently, considerable new vanadate phases were identified to display promising electrochemical properties for metal‐ion batteries beyond Li, such as CaV 4 O 9 for Na + storage, Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 · 1.1H 2 O for Mg 2+ storage, and Zn 0.25 V 2 O 5 · n H 2 O for Zn 2+ storage . The big family of vanadates with large amounts of members is as a result of the rich chemical valence state of vanadium and facile distortion of V–O polyhedra.…”

“…Very recently, Xu et al developed a bilayered Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 · 1.1H 2 O nanowires with interlayer spacing of 11.9 Å and investigated the Mg 2+ storage performance. Remarkably, with Mg(TFSI) 2 in acetonitrile as electrolyte and ACC as counter electrode, an ultralong cycling stability for 10 000 cycles with capacity retention over 80% was demonstrated.…”

Recent Progress on Layered Cathode Materials for Nonaqueous Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

“…In the past decade, the research on layered V 2 O 5 cathode for RMBs has mainly focused on understanding the Mg 2+ intercalation mechanism and improving the electrochemical performance. [38][39][40][41][42] Understanding the Mg 2+ intercalation mechanism is important for developing V 2 O 5 cathode materials for RMBs. The phase transformation and migration energy barrier of V 2 O 5 were investigated by density functional theory.…”

“…[40] In operando synchrotron diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were first used to investigate the structural evolution and charge compensation mechanisms of -V 2 O 5 in magnesium ion batteries (MIBs). As shown in Figure 3b In general, the electrochemical performance of layered V 2 O 5 can be improved by introducing water into the electrolyte and/or structure, or both, [37,41,43] enlarging the interlayer spacing [44] , reducing the particle size [45] , incorporating carbon materials [29,46] , and cation pre-intercalation [42,47,48] . The positive effect of water in the electrolyte for the Mg storage capacity of V 2 O 5 was first discovered by Desilvestro et al [37] Subsequently, Ceder"s group discovered that the discharge voltage of Xerogel-V 2 O 5 can be increased by water co-intercalation with Mg 2+ .…”

Recent Advances in the Rational Design and Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Materials for Multivalent Ion Batteries

“…Xu et al synthesized Mg 2 + -pre-intercalatedh ydrated vanadium oxide (Mg 0.3 V 2 O 5 ·1.1 H 2 O) as ac athode in MIBs. [77] Through the chemical modification of a-V 2 O 5 ,M g 0.3 V 2 O 5 ·1.1 H 2 On anowires were synthesized through ah ydrothermal method (Figure 11 a). During the process, the crystal structure rearranged due to the reduction of the valence state of vanadium.…”