Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Use in Secondary Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Office of Naval Research 800 North Quincy Street Arlington, VA 22217 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERTechnical Report #17 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENTReproduction in whole, or in part, is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Submitted for publication in: Journal of the Electrochemical Society ABSTRACTSingle-wall carbon nanotubes were used to form the electronically conducting network in lithium intercalation electrodes that incorporated vanadium oxide aerogels as the active material. Sol-gel methods were developed which integrated the nanotubes with V 2 0 5 aerogel synthesis. The similarities in morphology and dimensional scale for the nanotubes and V 2 0 5 ribbons enabled excellent electrical contact to be made between the two phases without seriously affecting the aerogel nanostructure. Intimate contact was established between the two phases at the nanodimensional level while the high pore volume of the aerogel provided electrolyte access throughout the composite material. The electrodes exhibited specific capacities in excess of 400 mAh/g at high discharge rates and retained this level of capacity on cycling. Single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to form the electronically conducting network in lithium intercalation electrodes that incorporated vanadium oxide aerogels as the active material. SUBJECT TERMSSol-gel methods were developed which integrated the nanotubes with V 2 0 5 aerogel synthesis.The similarities in morphology and dimensional scale for the nanotubes and V 2 0 5 ribbons enabled excellent electrical contact to be made between the two phases without seriously affecting the aerogel nanostructure. Intimate contact was established between the two phases at the nanodimensional level while the high pore volume of the aerogel provided electrolyte access throughout the composite material. The electrodes exhibited specific capacities in excess of 400 mAh/g at high discharge rates and retained this level of capacity on cycling.*

Graphene-modified nanostructured vanadium pentoxide hybrids with extraordinary electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries

“…However, even for V 2 O 5 xerogel, the same challenges of low electrical conduction (both intraparticle, within a V 2 O 5 particle, and interparticle, between V 2 O 5 particles), slow lithium diffusion and structure stability/reversibility still remain. Efforts have been made to improve the conductivity by coating the V 2 O 5 xerogel with conductive materials (that is, single-wall carbon nanotubes) 17 , doping metals 18 and organic polymers [19][20][21][22][23] . These measures can improve the V 2 O 5 xerogel only to a certain degree, and none of them significantly improve the structural stability and reversibility.…”

Cathodes for lithium ion batteries: the benefits of using nanostructured materials

“…One is composed of nanofibers of vanadium pentoxide and a conducting polymer, polyaniline 78 while the other uses single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to electrically "wire" the poorly conducting V 2 O 5 nanoparticles. 86 It is notable that the V 2 O 5 /SWNT composite has shown much better performance than that obtained with poly(aniline), both in terms of specific capacity as in capacity retention. From the TEM images (Figure 4), it is possible to note that the V 2 O 5 /SWNT nanocomposite possesses high pore volume that ensures electrolyte access throughout the electrode, while in the V 2 O 5 /PANI composite a more compact structure is observed.…”

Vanadium oxide nanorings: Facile synthesis, formation mechanism and electrochemical properties

“…Well-defined reduction (cathodic) and oxidation (anodic) peaks occur at 2.4 V (lithiation) and 2.8 V (delithiation) respectively, for the V2O5 nanorings/nanobets. The reversible chemical intercalation and deintercalation reaction [36,37] can be described as…”