Vanadium occupation and its leachability differences in trioctahedral and dioctahedral mica

Abstract

Vanadium in black shale prefers to locate in the octahedron of mica and can be more easily released from trioctahedral mica than dioctahedral mica.

Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types

“…These examples, together with many other studies, clearly indicate that while there are fundamental similarities in the depositional environments, there may be more than one way to reach a favourable depositional environment for the formation of hypervanadium-enriched black shales. In common geological settings, vanadium (V 3+ ) substitutes for Al in the octahedral sites of 2:1 phylosilicates such as roscoelite (Gaines et al 1997;Peacor et al 2000), smectite, illite-smectite, illite, and muscovite (Meunier 1994;Peacor et al 2000); however, more recently, it became evident that some shales consisting of trioctahedral mica such as phlogopite and biotite may also contain high concentrations of vanadium (Zheng et al 2019). Besides some of the previously mentioned minerals, patrónite, chernykhite [phyllosilicate, muscovite subgroup (Ba,Na)(V 3+ ,Al) 2 (Si,Al) 4-O 10 (OH) 2 ], and phengite were reported as vanadium-bearing minerals at the Balasauskandyk V-Mo-U deposit in Kazakhstan (Komekova et al 2017).…”

“…Determining if the vanadium is predominantly contained in phyllosilicates, compound phosphates, vanadium oxysalts, iron oxides, and oxyhydroxides or organic materials is essential before attempting to select the optimal extraction method for any given project and for project ranking according to development potential. Furthermore, the studies by Zheng et al (2019) suggest that the distinction between shales consists of specific vanadium-bearing phyllosilicates such as dioctahedral mica (e.g. muscovite and illite) and trioctahedral mica (e.g.…”

“…Vanadiferous black shales represent the largest vanadium resource in China (Li et al 2010) and their vanadium content typically varies between 0.13% and 1.2% V 2 O 5 (Qi 1999), leading to numerous attempts to extract commercially vanadium from black shales. Most of these attempts were at a small scale (less than 100 tonnes of V 2 O 5 per year), focused on weathered ores (Zheng et al 2019), and took place during periods of high vanadium prices and fewer environmental regulations relative to western industrialised countries (Zhang et al 2011). The recovery of vanadium from black shales, which is commonly referred to by Chinese authors as ‘stone coal’ (Dai et al 2018), was based on a roasting process emitting HCl and Cl 2 into the environment (Li et al 2010).…”

Controlled Hydrothermal Precipitation of Alunite and Natroalunite in High-Aluminum Vanadium-Bearing Aqueous System

“…Black shale is an important and abundant vanadium-bearing resource in China, and has attracted much attention from researchers [1][2][3]. In vanadium-bearing black shale, vanadium (V) mainly exists as low-valence V(III) in the crystal lattice of the muscovite, replacing aluminum (Al) due to their isomorphism [4,5]. The main distribution of vanadium grade in black shale deposits is in the range 0.1-1.0%; only 2.8% of black shale possesses a vanadium grade over 1.0%.…”