Vanadium in slags from smelting of African Pb-Zn vanadate ores: Mineralogy, extractability and potential recovery

Ettler, Vojtěch; Jarošíková, Alice; Mihaljevič, Martin; Křı́bek, Bohdan; Nyambe, Imasiku; Kamona, Fred; Mapani, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106631

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The discovery of high-grade, large tonnage Pb–Zn vanadate mineralisation is not expected to happen by the exploration community; however, the possibility of a new discovery cannot be entirely discounted. In the meantime, efforts are underway to optimise the methods for the production of vanadium concentrate from small lead vanadate deposits (Silin et al 2020a), metallurgical treatments of lead vanadate ores (Silin et al 2020b), and potential recovery of vanadium from historic slags produced by smelting of African Pb–Zn ores (Ettler et al 2020).…”

Section: Main Vanadium-bearing Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types

Simandl

Paradis

2022

Applied Earth Science

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Vanadium is currently considered a critical material in the European Union, the U.S.A., and other jurisdictions. The vanadium mine production for 2021 is estimated at more than 120 000 tonnes; however, the market base is expected to grow rapidly due to the increase in the use of vanadium for redox flow batteries. Currently, world-wide, many projects are in the advanced stages of exploration and development. In the longer term, should vanadium cease to be a critical material and the law of supply and demand applies, the marginal mines will be decommissioned, and the best deposits will remain economic. Depending on the prevailing regulations in specific jurisdictions, geological settings, and the most up-todate metallurgical research results, the main vanadium deposit types that could be considered as potential exploration and development targets are the vanadiferous titanomagnetite deposits, sandstone-hosted uranium-vanadium deposits (Salt Wash category), shale-hosted vanadium deposits, and base metal-related vanadate deposits. However, placer deposits, surficial uranium-vanadium type mineralisation, and the Minas Ragra type patrónite deposits should also be considered.

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Section: Main Vanadium-bearing Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types

Simandl

Paradis

2022

Applied Earth Science

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“…This indicates that economic Pb extraction is difficult to achieve using hydrometallurgical methods. The Kabwe slag contains high concentrations of V and has a very high extraction rate ( > 80%), indicating the potential for future secondary metal recovery (Ettler et al, 2020a). Old slags deposited in an abandoned Kabwe mine represent an important source of metal-containing dust particles.…”

Section: Leach Plant Residue and Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary approach to addressing lead pollution caused by mining activity in Kabwe, The Republic of Zambia

Nakata

Nakayama

Yabe

et al. 2022

EMCR

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Industrial development and economic growth have made human life more convenient. However, the accompanying environmental pollution is a serious problem. The same situation that developed countries have experienced in the past is now being repeated in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. Although lead has long been a useful metal in supporting human life, it is highly toxic to living organisms and affects various biological functions, including the kidneys and nervous system. Lead is one of the substances symbolizing the tradeoff between industrial and economic development and environmental pollution. Kabwe in the Republic of Zambia, a town that grew out of the discovery and development of lead-zinc deposits, is now known as one of the most lead-polluted areas in the world. While Kabwe is a classic example of the trade-off described above, it is distinct from other polluted areas in that it has been the site of diverse academic research. These include geological survey of the mine, the characterization of mine wastes, monitoring of environmental and animal samples, human health impact studies, understanding of lead dispersion pathways, and development of remediation technologies for contaminated environments. In environmental monitoring, several studies have reported lead concentrations in soil of up to tens of thousands of mg / kg, and lead concentrations in crops exceed international standards by up to 770 times. Extremely high concentrations of lead have also been detected in wildlife, livestock, and humans. Various toxicological studies have been conducted on humans in particular. These studies reveal the contamination status and its effects. However, the elucidation of the diffusion pathways and the development of environmental remediation methods using materials that can be procured locally at low cost pave the way to solving the problem. This review comprehensively outlines these studies in chronological order, as well as the efforts of the Zambian government and future perspectives. This report also provides some guidance on how to promote academic research and problem solving in other polluted areas.

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“…For example, [13] took into account some expenses related to maintenance of laboratory bioleaching and found out that economic profit is at the level of 15 euros per ton of slag. Likewise, [59] estimated $512 per ton of slag and [60] reported values of $90 (V) and $160 (Zn) per ton of slag provided that expenses related to treatment execution will be optimized. Although secondary waste processing is still not well developed, the environmental benefit created by this processing and the resulting generation of metal-depleted residues is a benefit that cannot be easily assessed.…”

Section: Prospective Treatments Of Metallurgical Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching and toxicity of metallurgical wastes

Potysz

Pędziwiatr

Hedwig

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Metallurgical wastes contain metals that are unrecovered during industrial processing. The disposal of these wastes is technically difficult due to the potential release of metals through weathering. Therefore, alternative management methods are currently sought. The high leaching susceptibility of these wastes combined with the need for alternative sources of rare and critical metals creates a need for residual element recovery. This study evaluated the leaching potential of lead matte and copper slag through chemical mineral acid leaching as well as indirect bioleaching with organic acids and direct bioleaching using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The leaching efficiency of these acids was compared based on different normality equivalents. Additionally, the effects of pulp density (1-10%) and extraction time (24-48 h) were assessed. Slag toxicity was assessed with a germination test in concentrated and diluted leachates using Brassica juncea. The results demonstrated that copper slag is particularly suitable for chemical treatment because as much as 91 wt.% Cu and 85 wt.% Zn or 70 wt.% Cu and 81 wt.% Zn were extracted using HNO 3 or bacterial leaching, respectively. The residual slag was characterized by significant metal depletion and the presence of gypsum, rendering it more suitable for further use or disposal. Lead matte released 65 wt.% Cu and 8 wt.% Zn using mineral acid leaching while 70 wt.% Cu and 12 wt.% Zn were released using bacterial leaching. Further process optimization is needed for lead matte to generate residue depletion in toxic metals. Toxicity assessment showed toxic characteristics in metal-loaded leachates originating from waste treatment that inhibited germination rates and root development.

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Vanadium in slags from smelting of African Pb-Zn vanadate ores: Mineralogy, extractability and potential recovery

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types

Vanadium as a critical material: economic geology with emphasis on market and the main deposit types

Interdisciplinary approach to addressing lead pollution caused by mining activity in Kabwe, The Republic of Zambia

Bioleaching and toxicity of metallurgical wastes

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