Vampire Attack Mitigation and Network Performance Improvement Using Probabilistic Fuzzy Chain Set with Authentication Routing Protocol and Hybrid Clustering-Based Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

The most effective threat for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is Vampire attacks on sensor nodes as they can stretch the network connectivity among them and influence the network’s energy, which can drain the network. Vampire attack has particular malicious nature of sensor nodes in which they can widely exploit features of combined routing protocol. Fuzzy rules and fuzzy sets are highly optimal techniques in mitigating the vampire attacks of the network, which can quantify the uncertain behaviour of sensor nodes. This study aims to propose a novel technique using a probabilistic fuzzy chain set with authentication-based routing protocol and hybrid clustering technique for data optimization of the network. The suggested approach here employs a fuzzy-based chain rule set to combat growing types of vampire assaults using probability formulas. The authentication routing protocol has increased network routing security. The proposed technique (PFCS-ARP_HC) has optimized the energy consumption of network. Simulation for this technique has been carried out using NS2 and experimental results show the performance of the proposed model in terms of throughput of 98%, packet delivery ratio of 89%, energy consumption of 67%, latency of 46% control overhead of 53%, and attack detection ratio of 87.9%.

TCRP: Trust-aware Clustering and Routing Protocol Based on Atom Search Optimization for WSNs

“…Lulwah M. Alkwai [18] introduced a probabilistic fuzzy chain set, authentication based routing protocol and hybrid clustering (PFCS-ARP-HC) algorithm. Using probability calculations, this system used a fuzzy-based chain rule set to successfully minimize vampire assaults.…”

“…The fitness employed in the ASO-based route creation is shown in Eqs. (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). This aids in identifying the route with the most residual energy, shortest transmission distance, and highest security.…”

“…The TCRP's performance is measured using energy consumption, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The performance of the proposed TCRP is evaluated with existing approaches such as SQEER [16], PFCS-ARP-HC [18], TEDG [23] and M-TCRSA [24]. The existing methodologies such as TEDG and M-TCRSA are implemented with the same simulation parameter in table 1 to evaluate the efficiency of TCRP.…”

“…This section provides a comparative examination of the TCRP with prior studies. The previous study SQEER [16], PFCS-ARP-HC [18], TEDG [23] and M-TCRSA [24] are utilized to assess the TCRP's efficiency. Table 2 shows a comparison of the SQEER [16], PFCS-ARP-HC [18], TEDG [23] and M-TCRSA [24].…”

An Innovative Solution for Battery Draining in 5G Devices Using Alternate Routing Model

“…Such electrodes are replaced during the next battery repair. With significant and progressive casting, it is necessary to replace all the positive electrodes in the battery with new ones [15]. Replace only the distracting electrodes with new ones.…”