VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the rat cerebellar cortex

Benagiano, Vincenzo; Lorusso, Loredana; Flace, Paolo; Girolamo, Francesco; Rizzi, Anna; Bosco, L.; Cagiano, R.; Nico, Beatrice; Ambrosi, G

doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-118

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported in the hippocampus where the excitatory, but not the inhibitory, neurons were found to express α-synuclein [16]. Our data showing that synuclein is selectively present in glutamatergic terminals supports previous findings showing that α-synuclein promotes SNARE complex formation at the presynaptic membranes [10, 12] Importantly, the SNARE proteins are not expressed in GABAergic terminals (with the exception of the terminals of basket cells [39]) and the soluble NSF attachment protein-25 (SNAP-25, a component of the SNARE complex) has been also associated with glutamatergic but not GABAergic synapses [40, 41]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

α-Synuclein Expression in the Mouse Cerebellum Is Restricted to VGluT1 Excitatory Terminals and Is Enriched in Unipolar Brush Cells

Lee¹,

Sillitoe

Silva³

et al. 2015

Cerebellum

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α-synuclein has a crucial role in synaptic vesicle release and synaptic membrane recycling. Although its general expression pattern has been described in the cerebellum, the precise cerebellar structures where α-synuclein is localized are poorly understood. To address this question, we used α-synuclein immunohistochemistry in adult mice cerebellar sections. We found that α-synuclein labels glutamatergic but not glycinergic and GABAergic synaptic terminals in the molecular and granule cell layers. α-synuclein was preferentially expressed in parallel and mossy fiber synaptic terminals that also express vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) while it was not detected in VGluT2-positive climbing fibers. α-synuclein was particularly enriched in lobules IX and X, a region known to contain high density of unipolar brush cells (UBCs). To elucidate whether the α-synuclein-positive mossy fibers belong to UBCs, we double labeled cerebellar sections with antibodies to α-synuclein and UBCs type specific markers(calretinin for type I and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) for type II UBCs), and took advantage of organotypic cerebellar cultures (in which all mossy fibers are UBC axons) and moonwalker mice (in which almost all UBCs are ablated) and found that both type I and type II UBCs express α-synuclein. In moonwalker mutant cerebella, the α-synuclein/VGluT1 immunolabeling showed dramatic decrease in the vestibulocerebellum that correlated with the absence of UBC. α-synuclein appears to be an excellent marker for intrinsic mossy fibers of the VGluT1 subset in conjunction with UBCs of both subtypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

α-Synuclein Expression in the Mouse Cerebellum Is Restricted to VGluT1 Excitatory Terminals and Is Enriched in Unipolar Brush Cells

Lee¹,

Sillitoe

Silva³

et al. 2015

Cerebellum

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“…The punctate elements (puncta) distributed in the neuropil of the cerebellar cortex may be considered for most part as axon terminals, although they, at least in part, may correspond to transversely sectioned neuronal processes (Benagiano et al, ). Since these terminals are distributed in the cortex layers with relatively constant patterns and give rise to synapses according to rather rigid schemes (Benagiano et al, ), it was possible hypothesize the origin of the terminals and the type of synapse they form.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calbindin‐D28K Immunoreactivity in the Human Cerebellar Cortex

Flace¹,

Lorusso²,

Laiso³

et al. 2014

The Anatomical Record

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Calbindin-D28k (CB) is a calcium-binding protein largely distributed in the cerebellum of various species of vertebrates. As regards the human cerebellar cortex, precise data on the distribution of CB have not yet been reported. Aim of the present work was to analyze the distribution of CB in postmortem samples of human cerebellar cortex using light microscopy immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactivity to CB was detected within neuronal bodies and processes distributed in all cortex layers. In the molecular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of stellate and basket neurons. In the Purkinje neuron layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in practically all the Purkinje neurons. In the granular layer, the immunoreactivity was observed in subpopulations of granules, of Golgi neurons, and also of other types of large neurons (candelabrum, Lugaro neurons, etc.). Immunoreactivity to CB was also observed in axon terminals distributed throughout the cortex according to layerspecific patterns of distribution. The qualitative and quantitative patterns of distribution of CB showed no difference among the different lobes of the cerebellar cortex. This study reports that CB is expressed by different neuron types, both inhibitory (GABAergic) and excitatory (glutamatergic), involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic circuits of the human cerebellar cortex. The study provides further insights on the functional role of CB and on the neuronal types of the cerebellar cortex in which it is expressed. Anat Rec, 297:1306Rec, 297: -1315Rec, 297: , 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: Calbindin-D28k; cerebellum; immunohistochemistry; purkinje neurons; non-traditional neurons Calcium ions (Ca 21 ) act in neurons as major secondary messengers which control many neuronal activities, including gene expression, developmental processes of proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis, membrane excitability and conductivity, axonal transport, synthesis and release of neuroactive substances, phenomena of synaptic plasticity. The effects of Ca 21 basically depend on the presence of a number of structurally related proteins, generally indicated as calcium-binding proteins, which are expressed by neurons with a certain degree of specificity

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“…SLC6A3 is responsible for dopamine clearance from the synapse of midbrain neurons (Kang, Palmatier & Kidd, 1999) and has been associated with ADHD (Cornish, Wilding & Hollis, 2008). Finally, SNAP25 encodes a protein important to vesicle docking and neurotransmitter release generally (including dopamine) (Benagiano, Lorusso, Flace, Girolamo, Rizzi et al, 2011;Bergquist, Niazi & Nissbrandt, 2002;Chen, Scales, Patel, Doung & Scheller, 1999;Grumelli, Berghuis, Pozzi, Caleo, Antonucci et al, 2008;Mehta & Battenberg, 1996;S€ ollner, Whiteheart, Brunner, Erdjument-Bromage, Geromanos et al, 1993;Tafoya, Mameli, Miyashita, Guzowski, Valenzuela et al, 2006). SNAP25 been associated with ADHD (Feng, Crosbie, Wigg, Pathare, Ickowicz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic associations with reflexive visual attention in infancy and childhood

Lundwall

Dannemiller

Goldsmith

2015

Developmental Science

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This study elucidates genetic influences on reflexive (as opposed to sustained) attention in children (aged 9 –16 years; N = 332) who previously participated as infants in visual attention studies using orienting to a moving bar (Dannemiller, 2004). We investigated genetic associations with reflexive attention measures in infancy and childhood in the same group of children. The genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms and variable number tandem repeats on the genes APOE, BDNF, CHRNA4, COMT, DRD4, HTR4, IGF2, MAOA, SLC5A7, SLC6A3, and SNAP25) are related to brain development and/or to the availability of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, or serotonin. This study shows that typically developing children have differences in reflexive attention associated with their genes, as we found in adults (Lundwall, Guo, & Dannemiller, 2012). This effort to extend our previous findings to outcomes in infancy and childhood was necessary because genetic influence may differ over the course of development. Although two of the genes that were tested in our adult study (Lundwall et al., 2012) were significant in either our infant study (SLC6A3) or child study (DRD4), the specific markers tested differed. Performance on the infant task was associated with SLC6A3. In addition, several genetic associations with an analogous child task occurred with markers on CHRNA4, COMT, and DRD4. Interestingly, the child version of the task involved an interaction such that which genotype group performed poorer on the child task depended on whether we were examining the higher or lower infant scoring group. These findings are discussed in terms of genetic influences on reflexive attention in infancy and childhood.

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VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the rat cerebellar cortex

Cited by 32 publications

References 65 publications

α-Synuclein Expression in the Mouse Cerebellum Is Restricted to VGluT1 Excitatory Terminals and Is Enriched in Unipolar Brush Cells

α-Synuclein Expression in the Mouse Cerebellum Is Restricted to VGluT1 Excitatory Terminals and Is Enriched in Unipolar Brush Cells

Calbindin‐D28K Immunoreactivity in the Human Cerebellar Cortex

Genetic associations with reflexive visual attention in infancy and childhood

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