Valves in superficial limb veins of humans and nonhuman primates

Thiranagama, Rajani; Wood, B. A.

doi:10.1002/ca.980020303

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the superficial veins of the upper limbs, the valve distribution is comparable to that observed in the lower limbs [7]. Thousands of small valves were identified in the venous microcirculation in various regions of the body [8].…”

Section: Application Of Newton' Laws To the Motions Of The Lower Limbssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

Pinto-Ferreira

2021

OSJ

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The studies of ballistocardiography about the effect of cardiovascular activity in body motion raised the author interest in the research of the influence of body movements in the circulatory flow in venous and lymphatic vessels. These effects follow Sir Isaac Newton laws. With the body movement, the one-way valve structure of these vessels will cause a mobilization of venous blood and lymph to the proximal side. A model was built to demonstrate the effect of oscillatory movement in a liquid flow in a system of one-way valve. There was a rise of the liquid with difference in level that ranged from 9 cm up to 34 cm, depending on the amplitude and frequency. The model tried to mimic a segment of vein with its valve, and evaluate the effectiveness of oscillatory movements in the progression of the liquid, In a preliminary study, to assess the effect of oscillatory movements on leg swelling, this movements was applied in a clinical cases. There was regression of the oedema and circumference on the leg, by oscillatory movements, that was correlated with increase in lymphatic and venous drainage. Venous stasis is a predisposing factor of venous thromboembolism. How we extrapolate from the experimental model, the oscillatory movements of the legs improving venous circulation may contribute to the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. In conclusion, it is of interest to study its application in some situations of venous thromboembolism risk.

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Section: Application Of Newton' Laws To the Motions Of The Lower Limbssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The distribution of venous valves occurs, usually, at intervals of 13 cm, limiting capillary pressure below 10 mmHg [7]. Thus, taking into account the liquid displacement observed in the experimental research, the blood mass movement under the effect of oscillatory motions, can go beyond the next valve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

Pinto-Ferreira

2021

OSJ

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“…The absence of significant musculo-venous pump activity and a limited number of venous valves in the upper body impede adequate cephalad blood drainage (Thiranagama et al, 1989). Studies including ones in this systematic review report increased cross-sectional areas of cephalad veins in microgravity and its ground-based analogues.…”

Section: Stasis: Altered Venous Flow In Spaceflight (Microgravity)mentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of microgravity on the human venous system and blood coagulation: a systematic review

Kim

Vaquer

Mazzolai³

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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Recently, an internal jugular venous thrombus was identified during spaceflight, but whether microgravity induces venous and/or coagulation pathophysiology, and thus, an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear. Therefore, a systematic (Cochrane compliant) review was performed of venous system or coagulation parameters in actual spaceflight (microgravity) or ground-based analogues in PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt databases. Seven-hundred and eight articles were retrieved, of which 26 were included for evaluation with 21 evaluating venous, and five coagulation parameters. Nine articles contained spaceflight data, whereas the rest reported ground-based analogue data. There is substantial variability in study design, objectives and outcomes. Yet, data suggested cephalad venous system dilatation, increased venous pressures and decreased/reversed flow in microgravity. Increased fibrinogen levels, presence of thrombin generation markers and endothelial damage were also reported. Limited human venous and coagulation system data exist in spaceflight, or its analogues. Nevertheless, data suggest spaceflight may induce an enhanced coagulation state in the cephalad venous system, as a consequence of changes in venous flow, distension, pressures, endothelial damage and possibly hypercoagulability.Whether such changes precipitate an increased VTE risk in spaceflight remains to be determined.

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“…The cephalic vein was filled with blue latex in one cadaver, in orthograde direction, at the level of the carpus. Filling veins from proximal to distal is impossible due to the presence of venous valves [ 23 ]. The topography of the cephalic vein will be described from proximal to distal, in analogy with the descriptions above of the various regions, although the blood flow in the vein is from distal tot proximal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)—Part I: Thoracic Limb

Casteleyn

Gram

Bakker

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Since the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is genetically closely related to man, it is generally accepted that its anatomy and physiology are largely similar to that of humans. Consequently, this non-human primate is most commonly used as a model in biomedical research. Not only the validation of the obtained research data, but also the welfare of the captive rhesus monkeys are subject to thorough anatomical knowledge of this species. Unfortunately, anatomical literature on the rhesus monkey is scarce, outdated, and hardly available at present. Furthermore, its anatomy is only illustrated by means of line drawings or black-and-white photographs. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the thoracic limb of the rhesus monkey topographically, studying the various anatomical structures in relation to each other. In this manuscript, the anatomy of the thoracic limb is described per region. The structures that are visible on the different layers, from the superficial to the deepest layer, are described both in text and in numerous color images. As expected, the anatomy of the rhesus monkey is almost identical to human anatomy. However, some striking differences have been identified. This supports the necessity for an extensive publication on the anatomy of the rhesus monkey

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Valves in superficial limb veins of humans and nonhuman primates

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

Effect of body movements in the venous blood flow and lymphatic circulation

The effect of microgravity on the human venous system and blood coagulation: a systematic review

Topographical Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)—Part I: Thoracic Limb

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