Values of the parameter immature reticulocyte fraction in elite athletes

Banfi, Giuseppe; Dolci, Alberto; Schönhuber, Herbert; Costantino, Benjamin F. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.2004.00610.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…On the other hand, the variation in RBC, Hb, Ht, and Ret count indicated noticeable adaptive modifications in the bone marrow microenvironment in response to the elevated metabolic demand. Similar Ret % behaviors were observed in cyclists during altitude training [3], [30], [31], [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparison of the Hematological Profile of Elite Road Cyclists during the 2010 and 2012 GiroBio Ten-Day Stage Races and Relationships with Final Ranking

Lombardi

Lanteri

Fiorella³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Cycling stage races are strenuous endurance events during which exercise-induced variations in hematological parameters are consistently observed. However, specific literature on such changes is scarce and published data have been derived from small samples of athletes. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the hematological response to middle-term strenuous endurance; and (2) to determine whether a relationship exists between the athlete-specific hematological profile and final placement in a cycling stage race. The study population was male professional cyclists (n = 253) competing in the 2010 (n = 144) and 2012 (n = 109) GiroBio 10-day stage races. Blood draws taken before the start of the race, at mid-race, and at end-race were performed in strict compliance with academic and anti-doping pre-analytical warnings. Blood chemistry included white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHC), platelets, and reticulocyte relative and absolute counts. Compared to baseline values, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, platelet and reticulocyte counts were all consistently lower at mid-race, but returned to normal by race-end, while leukocytes were increased in the final phase. MCV increased during both events. MCH increased in the first part to then return to baseline in the 2012 race. The calculated OFF-score consistently decreased in the first half of the race before increasing, but remained lower than the baseline value. The trends of variation in hematological parameters were substantially similar in both events. There was an inverse, albeit weak, relationship between placement and erythrocyte, platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit and OFF-score values in the 2010, but not in the 2012 race. In conclusion, the data confirm that, in this large series of elite road cyclists, the strenuous effort a rider sustains during a stage race induces appreciable changes in the hematological profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparison of the Hematological Profile of Elite Road Cyclists during the 2010 and 2012 GiroBio Ten-Day Stage Races and Relationships with Final Ranking

Lombardi

Lanteri

Fiorella³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…In the first season studied, however, the IRF values were higher than in subsequent ones, as already reported (Banfi et al 2004;Banfi et al 2005).…”

Section: Reticulocytes and [Hb] In The Present Studysupporting

confidence: 62%

Reticulocyte profile in top-level alpine skiers during four consecutive competitive seasons

Banfi

Tavana²,

Freschi³

et al. 2010

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The role of reticulocytes (Ret) in sports medicine became clear when the count of immature erythrocytes was introduced in protocols used for anti-doping purposes. Because specific research regarding seasonal variations in Ret is lacking, we assessed Ret (and [Hb]) in top-level male and female skiers during four consecutive competitive seasons. A difference (P < 0.05) between males and females was found for [Hb] and Ret values: [Hb] was lower and Ret was higher in females. The difference was maintained across all four competitive seasons. Marked within-subject differences in [Hb], Ret and immature reticulocyte fraction values were noted; the within-subject variability was greater than the between-subject variability in both genders. For instance, a difference for Ret was consistently shown between first and second blood drawings, i.e. between basal value, before the start of training and competition, and the value at middle of season, when training workload was at highest level. Unlike Ret%, the analysis of variance showed significant changes in [Hb] values across competitive seasons for both genders. Comparison between consecutive seasons (e.g., 2005-2006 vs. 2006-2007) showed significant differences for both parameters. The behaviour of [Hb] and Ret during the various seasons was parallel in females, whereas a discrepancy existed in males. In general, inter-individual variability is quite high, thus, Ret and [Hb] modifications should be referred only to the single athlete. We confirm the validity of the use of Ret counts for anti-doping purposes.

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“…It seems that the bone marrow is continuously stimulated in athletes because of accelerated iron metabolism. The quite high values of IRF are constant during the agonistic season, independently from training intensity, as described in elite skiers (Banfi et al. , 2004a, 2005), although the values of rugbymen were the lowest in comparison with footballers, skiers and cyclists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Haematological parameters in elite rugby players during a competitive season

et al. 2006

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We assessed haematological parameters and possible modifications in elite rugby players throughout a competitive season for increasing the knowledge of physiological characteristics of these sportsmen. Blood samples were collected from the members of the Italian National rugby team at four consecutive training camps during a whole competitive season. Forty-four athletes were recruited for the first camp, 36 for the second, 30 for the third and 32 for the fourth. Due to turnover of the subjects during the season only 13 athletes could be examined at all four camps, and another six in the first three camps. Therefore, we selected the data of these 19 athletes. Iron and transferrin saturation were stable, whilst ferritin increased at the end of the season. The modifications of the soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR) were linked to those of haematocrit: sTFR increased after training and during the competition period when haemoglobin and haematocrit decreased, and decreased at the end of the season. Haemoglobin and haematocrit showed slightly higher levels during the first part of the season and decreased in the second half, when physical demand was high, as demonstrated by biochemical additional tests. Leucocytes and platelets were stable throughout the season. Haematological and iron metabolism parameters in the elite rugby players examined during a whole season fall within physiological range of values. The variability of the parameters during the season is related to training and competition workload. Reticulocytes and sTFR are the most sensitive parameters for studying the iron metabolism of the athletes.

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Values of the parameter immature reticulocyte fraction in elite athletes

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of the Hematological Profile of Elite Road Cyclists during the 2010 and 2012 GiroBio Ten-Day Stage Races and Relationships with Final Ranking

Comparison of the Hematological Profile of Elite Road Cyclists during the 2010 and 2012 GiroBio Ten-Day Stage Races and Relationships with Final Ranking

Reticulocyte profile in top-level alpine skiers during four consecutive competitive seasons

Haematological parameters in elite rugby players during a competitive season

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