“…Considering the environment in which these failures arise, IPC needs to function and be effective in systems where healthcare professionals' practice which is subject to and influenced by the prevailing culture. The culture in any facet of healthcare invariably has people that are consigned or ascribed to in groups, out groups or a subculture (39). Continuing with a systemsthinking mindset and understanding IPC as a muddy zone of practice, a different view of healthcare professionals with the same nature, beliefs, and socio-cultural influences as any other human being points toward a more nuanced theoretically informed approach.…”