Value of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Acute Liver Congestion in a Bama Mini-Pig Model

Abstract

In conclusion, 2D-SWE is a valuable, reliable, and quantitative approach to successfully assess acute liver congestion, and it is well consistent with histopathological characteristics. Besides, acute liver congestion is an important factor influencing LS that increases LS in a reversible way.

The Importance of Transaminases Flare in Liver Elastography: Characterization of the Probability of Liver Fibrosis Overestimation by Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Cytolysis

“…Also, serum transaminase concentrations (mostly ALT) have been linked to the histological grading of necroinflammatory activity, and, as expected, patients with elevated ALT generally show higher activity scores [28,29]. These concepts should be taken into consideration for a critical evaluation of liver elastography results as it has been proven that stiffness values are influenced by tissue congestion and inflammation, rather than the mere degree of collagen deposition (i.e., fibrosis) [30,31]. Therefore, it is safe to assume, as, in the case of our study, that hepatic congestion and inflammation can affect LSM, and that serum transaminase levels can be used to quantify the amount of ongoing damage.…”

Effectiveness of 2‐dimensional shear wave elastography for noninvasive and reliable estimation of right atrial pressure in dogs with induced volume overload

“…In the present report, the increasing SWVs were completely reversible after using a diuretic and almost reached comparable levels during the induced acute volume overload (the least squares mean of SWV; 2.44 m/s in prediuretic 11‐15 mm Hg vs 2.28 m/s in postdiuretic 11‐15 mm Hg). Previous studies have confirmed that reopening the IVC leads to a rapid reduction of elastic modulus in experimental pig models with clamped IVC 17,34 . Additionally, a clinical study in human patients with heart failure described that elastic modulus significantly decreased after using diuretics 18 .…”

“…This is logical since elevated central venous hydrostatic pressure in patients with R‐CHF is transmitted to the IVC, causing hepatic congestion and resulting in the elevation of hepatic viscosity. Additionally, clamping of the IVC to create pig models for liver congestion distinctly increased SWV in the liver 17 . Pathological results of the liver showed the enlargement of the central vein of the hepatic lobules and hepatic sinusoids, the filling of numerous erythrocytes, and hepatocytic edema.…”

“…Another original hypothesis is the difference between acute and chronic conditions. Acute hepatic congestion in these dogs was seemingly induced by rapid volume overload, and in the aforementioned pig models induced by clamping IVC 17,34 . In contrast, previous clinical studies included human patients with chronic heart disease 37,41 .…”

“…A previous study reported that the hepatic elastic modulus increased in experimental pigs with clamped interior vena cava (IVC) evaluated using 2D‐SWE. Reopening the IVC caused a rapid decrease in the hepatic elastic modulus to almost normal 17 . A human study has reported a higher hepatic modulus in patients with heart failure compared with normal subjects, which decreased after treatment 18 .…”