Value of serum and bronchoalveolar fluid lavage pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the value of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in both blood and tracheal aspirate (TA) samples that were obtained within 24 h after birth for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development in premature infants. Material and methods: Premature infants, who were born before 32 weeks of gestation, weighing less than 1,500 g, and admitted with respiratory distress between September 2009 and December 2010, were enrolled. Tracheal aspirate samples and serum were obtained from all infants on the first day of admittance for evaluation of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels using ELISA. Results: The study included 102 premature babies of whom 31 (30%) had BPD diagnosed in the follow-up. Mild, moderate and severe BPD was diagnosed in 10 (32%), 14 (45%) and seven (23%) infants, respectively. Both serum and TA sample pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-␣, IL-1␤, IL-6) levels were significantly higher, and antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-10) levels were significantly lower in infants who developed BPD compared with those who had no BPD. No significant differences were detected in either serum or TA sample pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in preterm infants with BPD in terms of BPD severity. Cut-off values of both serum and TA sample pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations for predicting BPD were also determined. Conclusion: It is suggested that higher serum and TA pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-␣, IL-1␤, IL-6) concentrations, along with lower anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) concentrations, might be used for predicting the development of BPD in premature infants with respiratory distress at birth.

Correlates of Elevated Interleukin-6 and 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine Levels in Tracheal Aspirates from Very Low Birth Weight Infants Who Develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

“…31,32 Several authors have stated that infants with respiratory distress who subsequently developed BPD had high IL-6 level in tracheal aspirate. 10,22,33 In our study population, there was an impressively consistent cutoff value of 456.8 pg/mg from IL-6 TA using the ROC curve analysis for predicting BPD (81.5% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity, and 0.85 area under curve). In addition, we found persistently increased IL-6 TA levels on the 28 th day of life in the BPD group.…”

The immune consequences of preterm birth

“…Extended duration on a ventilator increases the magnitude of pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins detected in serum from ventilated preterm neonates (Bose et al, 2013). Preterm infants that go on to develop BPD following mechanical ventilation also have increase serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, but decreased IL-10 (Koksal et al, 2012), indicating that sustained systemic inflammation may be a risk factor for developing chronic lung diseases.…”

Inhibition of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor attenuates inflammation induced by hyperoxia in EA.hy926 cells

“…Although the pathogenic and genetic basis of BPD remains incompletely understood, studies have suggested that inflammation-mediated damage and oxidative stress play an important role in the development of BPD (1)(2)(3)(4). A number of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) have been proposed to be involved in the developmen tof lung inflammation, and to be closely related to the pathogenesis of BPD (5).…”