Value of neuropsychological testing after head injuries in football

Abstract

This paper reviews the pros and cons of the traditional paper and pencil and the newer computerised neuropsychological tests in the management of sports concussion. The differences between diagnosing concussion on the field and neuropsychological assessment at follow up and decision making with regard to return to play are described. The authors also discuss the issues involved in interpreting the results of neuropsychological testing (comparison with population norms versus player's own baseline test results) and potential problems of such testing in football. Finally, suggested recommendations for neuropsychological testing in football are given.T he past two decades have seen a rapid increase in the use of neuropsychological testing in sports medicine, particularly in the management of concussive injury. The field has advanced to the point where neuropsychological testing is now recognised by many international sporting organisations and many practising sports medicine physicians as a critical component of the clinical management process following concussion.

Biomechanics of single cortical neurons

“…While the most common damage occurrences leading to mild or moderate forms of TBI ( e.g. motor vehicle accidents or falls [4-6], sports concussions [7-9], and blast exposures [6, 10-12]) have been widely acknowledged and thoroughly reviewed, the etiology of the ensuing cognitive, behavioral or neuropsychological disorders/impairments ( e.g. memory losses, language difficulties, concentration deficiencies, behavioral abnormalities and/or depression) remains poorly understood.…”

‘What's happening?’ A content analysis of concussion-related traffic onTwitter

“…The medical management of players with this injury is critical in order for the player to return to sports and activities in a safe manner,14 20 and to minimise the potential for long-term effects 21. Concussions can be difficult to diagnose or identify,22 and often go unreported 23–25. Thus, persons not receiving appropriate medical advice about the management of their symptoms may seek information from diverse sources, including the internet.…”

Boxing-Related Head Injuries

“…Its utility, implementation, and reliability have been demonstrated. [39][40][41][42][43][44] However, it must be emphasized that neuropsychological assessments require specialized neuropsychologists, and should not be the sole basis in return-to-play decision making. In general, neuropsychological testing should not be done while the athlete is symptomatic because it does not add much to determine an athlete's return to play, and may also confound the testing results.…”