Value of flexible electric vehicles in providing spinning reserve services

Pavić, Ivan; Capuder, Tomislav; Kuzle, Igor

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.070

Cited by 125 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, Arslan and Karasan found potential emission benefits for California when combining EVs with a novel concept of virtual power plants. Short‐term system stability was the focus in the work of Pavic et al, where EVs were identified as a low‐emission alternative to coal and gas power plants to provide spinning reserves. Other studies have highlighted a higher sensitivity of CO 2 reduction potentials on decarbonization developments within the electricity sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of battery electric vehicles on renewable integration within the 2030 European power system

2018

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Summary The European Union supports the promotion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to decarbonize the transportation sector. This requires the intrinsic CO2 emissions of BEVs, defined as CO2 emissions from power plants producing the electricity to charge the BEVs, to be lower than the emissions of gasoline cars. To identify the individual power plants producing the electricity to charge the BEVs, a novel georeferenced optimal power flow simulation framework, which models power plants and transmission lines individually, is used in this work. The real central European power system is simulated at hourly resolution for the year 2030. A new model for BEVs, which considers the BEV owner's varying willingness to participate in the electricity market, is implemented into the framework. Simulation results show that there is limited potential for BEVs to reduce the curtailment of solar power (23% reduction of curtailment) and wind power (10% reduction). Instead of renewables, 65% of the electricity used to charge BEVs is produced by conventional power plants such as gas and coal power plants. Consequently, the intrinsic CO2 emissions of BEVs are found to be up to 25% higher than those of gasoline cars. An increase of CO2 prices to 100 €/tCO2 is found to be necessary for BEVs to have intrinsic CO2 emissions comparable to gasoline cars. These findings show that the decarbonization of personal transport requires more efforts that simply promote the sales of electric vehicles. Additional strategies such as increased CO2 prices, which transform the electricity sector from coal to gas and biomass, are required to enable an environmentally friendly implementation of BEVs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of battery electric vehicles on renewable integration within the 2030 European power system

2018

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“…Smart EVs and HPs could not only reduce 53 the required generation/network capacity [3] and the incremental carbon emissions 54 driven by EVs and HPs, but also facilitate the integration of RES through energy 55 arbitrage [6] [7] and ancillary service provision [4] [8]. In this context, this paper focuses 56 on analysing and quantifying the implications of deploying smart EVs and HPs for the 57 carbon emissions and RES integration cost within the UK electricity system.…”

Section: Res Integration 39mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of flexibility from smart electrified transportation and heating in the future UK electricity system

2016

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EVs/HPs could significantly enhance both the carbon benefit and the RES integration 29 benefit of smart EVs/HPs. 30 31 Introduction 32Rapid expansion of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is expected to make a key 33 contribution to electricity system decarbonisation. However, high penetration of 34 2 intermittent RES will increase the requirements for various reserve and frequency 35 response services, leading to reduced carbon benefit and increased balancing cost. 36Moreover, large amount of additional generation capacity is required to provide "RES 37 firming" for system security reasons, which causes additional costs associated with 38 RES integration. 39At the same time, the electrification of transport through electric vehicles (EVs) and 40 heating systems through heat pumps (HPs) is seen as another key policy measure to 41 further reduce the use of fossil fuel in energy supply and hence reduce carbon carbon emissions and RES integration cost within the UK electricity system. Therefore, 58 the key specific objectives of this paper can be summarized as: 591. Analyse the benefits of smart EVs/HPs trialled in LCL in reducing carbon emissions 60 in a broader UK electricity system. 61 2. Quantify the economic benefits of carbon savings from smart EVs/HPs in terms of 62 lower requirements to invest in zero-carbon generation capacity in order to achieve 63 the same carbon emission target. 64 3. Analyse the benefits of smart EVs/HPs in reducing system integration cost of RES, 65 including balancing cost associated with RES intermittency and investment cost 66 associated with back-up capacity to ensure system security. 67The impact of smart EVs/HPs is investigated for three future system development 68 scenarios, with particular emphasis on different possible evolution trajectories of RES 69

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“…PFC support from EVs has been shown to effectively improve the system frequency performance in 2020 GB system by providing static frequency response [19] or dynamic frequency response [20]. The authors in [21,22] analyze the impact of EVs charging strategies and generation system mixes on the benefits of EVs in providing primary reserve. The impacts of distribution network losses and constraints on the PFC support from EVs are studied in [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges on primary frequency control and potential solution from EVs in the future GB electricity system

Teng

Jia

et al. 2017

Applied Energy

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System inertia reduction, driven by the integration of renewables, imposes significant challenges on the primary frequency control. Electrification of road transport not only reduces carbon emission by shifting from fossil fuel consumption to cleaner electricity consumption, but also potentially provide flexibility to facilitate the integration of renewables, such as supporting primary frequency control. In this context, this paper develops a techno-economic evaluation framework to quantify the challenges on primary frequency control and assess the benefits of EVs in providing primary frequency response. A simplified GB power system dynamic model is used to analyze the impact of declining system inertia on the primary frequency control and the technical potential of primary frequency response provision from EVs. Furthermore, an advanced stochastic system scheduling tool with explicitly modeling of inertia reduction effect is applied to assess the cost and emission driven by primary frequency control as well as the benefits of EVs in providing primary frequency response under two representative GB 2030 system scenarios. This paper also identifies the synergy between PFR provision from EVs and “smart charging” strategy as well as the impact of synthetic inertia from wind turbines

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Value of flexible electric vehicles in providing spinning reserve services

Cited by 125 publications

References 40 publications

Impacts of battery electric vehicles on renewable integration within the 2030 European power system

Impacts of battery electric vehicles on renewable integration within the 2030 European power system

Benefits of flexibility from smart electrified transportation and heating in the future UK electricity system

Challenges on primary frequency control and potential solution from EVs in the future GB electricity system

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