Value of Eye-Tracking Data for Classification of Information Processing–Intensive Handling Tasks: Quasi-Experimental Study on Cognition and User Interface Design

Abstract

Background In order to give a wide range of people the opportunity to ensure and support home care, one approach is to develop medical devices that are as user-friendly as possible. This allows nonexperts to use medical devices that were originally too complicated to use. For a user-centric development of such medical devices, it is essential to understand which user interface design best supports patients, caregivers, and health care professionals. Objective Using the benefits of mobile eye tracking, this work aims to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges of user cognition. As a consequence, its goal is to identify the obstacles to the usability of the features of two different designs of a single medical device user interface. The medical device is a patient assistance device for home use in peritoneal dialysis therapy. Methods A total of 16 participants, with a subset of seniors (8/16, mean age 73.7 years) and young adults (8/16, mean age 25.0 years), were recruited and participated in this study. The handling cycle consisted of seven main tasks. Data analysis started with the analysis of task effectiveness for searching for error-related tasks. Subsequently, the in-depth gaze data analysis focused on these identified critical tasks. In order to understand the challenges of user cognition in critical tasks, gaze data were analyzed with respect to individual user interface features of the medical device system. Therefore, it focused on the two dimensions of dwell time and fixation duration of the gaze. Results In total, 97% of the handling steps for design 1 and 96% for design 2 were performed correctly, with the main challenges being task 1 insert, task 2 connect, and task 6 disconnect for both designs. In order to understand the two analyzed dimensions of the physiological measurements simultaneously, the authors propose a new graphical representation. It distinguishes four different patterns to compare the eye movements associated with the two designs. The patterns identified for the critical tasks are consistent with the results of the task performance. Conclusions This study showed that mobile eye tracking provides insights into information processing in intensive handling tasks related to individual user interface features. The evaluation of each feature of the user interface promises an optimal design by combining the best found features. In this way, manufacturers are able to develop products that can be used by untrained people without prior knowledge. This would allow home care to be provided not only by highly qualified nurses and caregivers, but also by patients themselves, partners, children, or neighbors.

Human Factors Evaluation of HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Peripherals: An Eye Tracking Supported Simulation Study

“…Eye tracking (ET) technology systems are a valuable tool for quantitative assessment of human factors and user experience when handling and designing medical devices [ 14 , 15 ]. They have demonstrated their potential for quantitatively and objectively assessing patients’ task performance [ 16 ], understanding of participants’ gaze behavior [ 17 ], improving user-centered medical device design [ 18 , 19 ], and evaluating the effectiveness of training [ 20 , 21 ]. ET analysis allows the calculation of areas of interest (AOI) specific metrics, such as mean fixation duration or dwell time per AOI [ 22 ], which can be used to identify components of the device under test that are of particular focus.…”

Eye Tracking Supported Human Factors Testing Improving Patient Training

“…A useful tool to overcome this challenge is eye tracking, which enables to uncover common problems during the use of medical devices [15], provides valuable objective insights for user interface design [16] and allows to assess the effectiveness of trainings [17]. It proves as a successful skill and training assessment tool, [18] is applicable in medical education, [19] and allows for comparison between expert and novice surgeons [20][21][22].…”