Value of diagnostic vaccination in diagnosis of humoral inborn errors of immunity

Hlongwa, Luyanda; Peter, Jonny; Mayne, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2023.04.004

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…People with antibody deficiencies generate a particularly poor antibody response to vaccination; indeed, "diagnostic vaccination" is used to clinically evaluate individuals for the presence of humoral IEI [75]. It was therefore an early concern whether these populations would develop any meaningful protection from COVID-19 vaccines, especially those using novel mRNA vaccine platforms.…”

Section: Humoral Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Chang-Rabley,

van Zelm,

Ricotta

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised concerns surrounding immunological protection against the virus, particularly for people with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccination induces robust antibody, memory B-cell, and T-cell responses in healthy individuals, how well vaccination protects people with IEI against infection and severe disease remains unclear – especially in the context of new viral variants and vaccine formulations – leading to anxiety, ongoing self-isolation, and repeated vaccination with limited evidence of increased efficacy. Whilst most people with IEI generate some level of cellular and/or humoral immunity to COVID-19 vaccination, the level of protection and durability of the response are unclear. Alongside vaccination, antibody-based therapeutics are aimed at limiting infection and severe disease in this cohort. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) provides passive immunity in antibody-deficient individuals. However, to successfully prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, a sufficient number of neutralizing antibodies must be present in product. While antibodies against circulating variants are eventually present in IgRT products (both from natural infection and vaccination of the donors), evidence of their capacity to recognize new variants is limited. Furthermore, while antibody-based pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis can be effective, they are susceptible to decreased efficacy in the context of variant evolution. This review provides an in-depth overview of current knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in IEIs, the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody products, and knowledge and technological advances required for continued protection of people with IEI.

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Section: Humoral Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Chang-Rabley,

van Zelm,

Ricotta

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, we review 58 papers evaluating the humoral immune response generated by individuals with different IEIs to COVID-19 primary vaccines and/or booster doses (Table S2, Figure 2). In many cases [69,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83], studies age-matched IEI patients to healthy controls to compare the robustness and quality of their antibody responses to those of the general population. This is important because otherwise, known age-related changes in the immune system would confound the results Overall, seroconversion in populations with IEIs was much more variable and occurred at a lower magnitude compared to healthy controls across the primary series and additional doses [77,[79][80][81]86,97,100,[103][104][105][106][107][108]134,[145][146][147], regardless of different methods of measurement.…”

Section: Humoral Response -Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with antibody deficiencies generate a particularly poor antibody response to vaccination; indeed, “diagnostic vaccination” is used to clinically evaluate individuals for the presence of humoral IEI [ 78 ]. It was, therefore, an early concern whether these populations would develop any meaningful protection from COVID-19 vaccines, especially those using novel mRNA vaccine platforms.…”

Section: The Covid-19 Vaccination Response In Iei Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Chang-Rabley,

van Zelm,

Ricotta

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness in IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty has led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, and repeated vaccinations with uncertain benefits among IEI patients. Despite some level of immune response from vaccination, the definition of protective immunity in IEI individuals is still unknown. Given their susceptibility to severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to provide passive immunity, and protection against both current and emerging variants. This review examines the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody-based therapies in IEI patients, their capacity to recognize viral variants, and the necessary advances required for the ongoing protection of people with IEIs.

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Value of diagnostic vaccination in diagnosis of humoral inborn errors of immunity

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

An Overview of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

An Overview of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

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