Value of Chlortetracycline in Breeding Rations for Sows

Messersmith, R. E.; Johnson, D. D.; Elliott, R. F.; Drain, J. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1966.253752x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Subtherapeutic antibiotics have been widely used to improve growth performance and food efficiency of weaned piglets. Low-dose chlortetracycline (0.5–1 g/sow daily) was used to increase breeding, conception rate, farrowing rates and litter size in sows 18 . Nonetheless, antimicrobial growth promoters can promote AMR strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in commercial piglets during the weaning period

Suriyaphol

Chiu

Yimpring

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study aimed to characterize the alteration of the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in 24 piglets at day 3 pre-weaning (D. − 3), weaning day (D.0), days 3 (D.3) and 8 post-weaning (D.8), using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Distinct clusters of microbiomes and AMR determinants were observed at D.8 when Prevotella (20.9%) was the major genus, whereas at D. − 3–D.3, Alistipes (6.9–12.7%) and Bacteroides (5.2–8.5%) were the major genera. Lactobacillus and Escherichia were notably observed at D. − 3 (1.2%) and D. − 3–D.3 (0.2–0.4%), respectively. For AMR, a distinct cluster of AMR determinants was observed at D.8, mainly conferring resistance to macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (mefA), β-lactam (cfxA6 and aci1) and phenicol (rlmN). In contrast, at D. − 3–D.3, a high abundance of determinants with aminoglycoside (AMG) (sat, aac(6')-aph(2''), aadA and acrF), β-lactam (fus-1, cepA and mrdA), multidrug resistance (MDR) (gadW, mdtE, emrA, evgS, tolC and mdtB), phenicol (catB4 and cmlA4), and sulfonamide patterns (sul3) was observed. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) plot associated Escherichia coli with aac(6')-aph(2''), emrA, mdtB, catB4 and cmlA4 at D. − 3, D.0 and/or D.3 whereas at D.8 associations between Prevotella and mefA, cfxA6 and aci1 were identified. The weaning age and diet factor played an important role in the microbial community composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in commercial piglets during the weaning period

Suriyaphol

Chiu

Yimpring

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Farrowing rate also increased from 74% to 86% by feeding 0.5 g of chlortetracycline per sow daily during the pre-breeding and breeding periods. Adding 1.0 g chlortetracycline daily from weaning to 15 days post-mating improved the breeding, conception, and farrowing rates [ 11 ]. Antibiotic-treated gilts farrow significantly more pigs per litter (including pigs born dead) than did control gilts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and prospects for in-feed antibiotics in the different stages of pork production — A review

2017

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Antibiotics have long been of great benefit for people, both in the medical treatment of human disease and in animal food where they improve the growth performance and feed utilization during animal production. Antibiotics as in-feed supplements affect all stages of pork production, including the gestation, nursing, growing, and finishing stages, although the effects show stage-dependent differences. However, the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a worldwide concern. This review describes why sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotic additives in animal feed have become an integral part of animal feeding programs for more than 70 years, particularly in pork production. It also discusses the threat of the long-term use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in pork production. In recent years, the effectiveness of in-feed antibiotics has tended to decrease. This review analyzes this change from various perspectives. First, the equipment used at pig farms has improved dramatically and is more sanitary. Worldwide, more pig farms use pig farrowing crates, gestation crates, piglet nursery crates, flooring devices, piggery ventilation and cooler systems, automatic pig feeders, piggery heating equipment, and artificial insemination systems. In addition, scientists have replaced the use of antibiotics with organic acids, fermented mash, probiotics, prebiotics, minerals, oligosaccharides, enzymes, herbs/flavors, and protein/amino acids, and have improved management and husbandry techniques. In addition, animal welfare legislation has been aimed at improving the quality of the floors and living space, ensuring that animals have permanent access to fresh water, and setting a minimum weaning age. Finally, the prospects and the possibility of replacing antibiotics in pork production are described, in line with recent research results.

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“…In four studies in sows, dietary chlortetracycline supplementation at 110 to 2,000 mg/kg feed improved reproductive performance in sows (Messersmith et al. (1966), 110 and 220 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Maxwell et al. (1994), 220 mg chlortetracycline/kg feed; Papaioannou et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study by Messersmith et al. ( 1966 ) included two experiments involving 409 sows housed in eight farms. Experiment 1 included four breeding batches and a total of 179 sows (unspecified breed; nulliparous in two batches and multiparous in the other two) that were allocated (with their litters) to two dietary treatments: control non‐medicated feed (87 sows) or the same diet supplemented with 220 mg chlortetracycline/kg (unspecified chemical form; Aureomycin chlortetracycline, Agricultural Division, American Cyanamid Co., Princeton, NJ, USA) feed (92 sows).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The specific concentrations of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline in nontarget feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for these four tetracyclines was estimated. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, whilst for doxycycline no suitable data for the assessment were available. Uncertainties and data gaps associated with the levels reported were addressed. It was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.

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Value of Chlortetracycline in Breeding Rations for Sows

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics of the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in commercial piglets during the weaning period

Dynamics of the fecal microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in commercial piglets during the weaning period

Current status and prospects for in-feed antibiotics in the different stages of pork production — A review

Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline

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