Value Creation in Sharing Networks: Towards a Typology of Sharing Networks

Mapping the sharing economy for sustainability research

“…Botsman and Rogers (2010a, b) divided their concept of collaborative consumption into three major categories: PSS, redistribution markets, and collaborative lifestyles. Based on this framework and works of numerous other authors who not only used similar but also created several additional categories (Haase and Pick, 2015; McDonald, 2014; Schor, 2014; Schor and Fitzmaurice, 2015; Sikorska and Grizelj, 2015; Wosskow, 2014), the category “collaborative lifestyles” was split up into the categories space, money, workforce (i.e. time and applying skills), and knowledge (i.e.…”

“…These shared good or service categories were ordered along a sharing spectrum (Agyeman et al , 2013) from tangible to intangible. Additionally, information and data, as the most intangible good, were placed at one end of the spectrum (Haase and Pick, 2015; Sikorska and Grizelj, 2015) and material, as the most tangible and raw input product, was placed at the other end (Agyeman et al , 2013). In the following, a short description of each category is provided.…”

“…The last category captures sharing information and data. Online C2C communication and information platforms, such as Flickr, TripAdvisor, Twitter, Wikipedia, or YouTube, would be found in the range of this category (Belk, 2014a, b), and file sharing platforms and streaming services are based on sharing content as an act of communication and are considered to be part of the sharing economy (Belk, 2014b; Haase and Pick, 2015; PwC, 2015). Other forms where information is contributed and shared in the context of greater projects are wikis, open map applications (Pelzer and Burgard, 2014), or open government initiatives (Sikorska and Grizelj, 2015).…”

Alternative Economies as Marketing Systems? The Role of Value Creation and the Criticism of Economic Growth

“…Value creation is a means to achieve individual or organizational ends (Edvardsson et al 2014)—that is, value. As Karababa and Kjeldgaard (2014, p. 120) remark, the “notion of economic value is founded in classical and political economy.” 1 In this regard, we refer to subjective value theory (Haase and Pick 2015; for a systematic account of the history of economics, see Stavenhagen 1969, p. 227 ff. ).…”

“…The monetary or non-monetary resources that are inputs and outcomes of transformation processes are not value. Value is an expression of subjective assessment (Haase and Pick 2015). Despite the intended achievement of value as a consequence of valuations of (or within) value creation processes and the expected positive results of these processes, the valuations of these results are not necessarily positive (see Echeverri and Skålén 2011); valuations can also be negative.…”