Value-Added Processing of Peanut Meal: Aflatoxin Sequestration during Protein Extraction

Abstract

The efficacy of a bentonite clay, Astra-Ben 20A (AB20A), to sequester aflatoxin from contaminated (approximately 110 ppb) peanut meal during protein extraction was studied. Aqueous peanut meal dispersions (10% w/w) were prepared by varying the pH, temperature, enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, and concentrations of AB20A. After extraction, dispersions were centrifuged and filtered to separate both the water-soluble and the water-insoluble fractions for subsequent testing. Inclusion of AB20A at 0.2 and 2% reduced (p < 0.05) aflatoxin concentrations below 20 ppb in both fractions; however, the higher concentration of AB20A also reduced (p < 0.05) the water-soluble protein content. Inclusion of 0.2% AB20A did not affect protein solubility, total soluble solids, or degree of hydrolysis. Peanut meal adsorption isotherms measured the AB20A capacity to sequester aflatoxin. These results are discussed in the context of a process designed to sequester aflatoxin from contaminated peanut meal, which could enable derivatives of this high protein material to be utilized in enhanced feed and/or food applications.

Influence of Soluble Feed Proteins and Clay Additive Charge Density on Aflatoxin Binding in Ingested Feeds

“…From infrared spectroscopy, Deng et al (2010) concluded that hydrogen bonds between AfB1 carbonyl groups and the hydration water of exchangeable cations in clays is the dominant bonding force under humid conditions. Aflatoxin adsorption from aqueous corn and peanut meal to feed additives was consistent with animal feeding studies that used the feed additives, Novasil, Novasil Plus, Astra-Ben 20, Astra-Ben 20A, sepiolite, and activated (Norit-A) carbon (Jaynes et al, 2007;Seifert et al, 2010). Feed additives that effectively reduced or prevented aflatoxin toxicity in feeding studies adsorbed more AfB1 from aqueous corn and peanut meal.…”

Aflatoxin Toxicity Reduction in Feed by Enhanced Binding to Surface-Modified Clay Additives

“…Infrared spectroscopic examination of AfB1-smectite complexes suggests that hydrogen bonds between AfB1 carbonyl groups and the hydration water of exchangeable cations in clays is the dominant bonding force under humid conditions [16]. Aflatoxin adsorption from aqueous corn and peanut meal to feed additives was consistent with animal feeding studies that used the feed additives Novasil Plus, Astra Ben 20A, sepiolite, and activated (Norit-A) carbon [17,18]. Feed additives that effectively reduced or prevented aflatoxin toxicity in feeding studies adsorbed more AfB1 from aqueous corn and peanut meal than feed additives that did not prevent toxicity.…”

Peanut proteins: Applications, ailments and possible remediation

“…The effectiveness of a commercially available bentonite clay, sold under the trade name Astra-Ben 20A (AB20A), to sequester aflatoxin was evaluated during protein extraction of contaminated peanut meal [60]. In the proposed method, aqueous peanut meal dispersions (10%, w/w) were prepared by varying the pH, temperature, enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, and concentrations of AB20A.…”