Valproate-Associated Isolated Serum Creatine Kinase Elevation

Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid

“…The author postulated that a mood-stabilizing agent, lithium, may be considered in the treatment of COVID-19 as it harbors inhibitor functions on the expression of viral RNA. Another mood stabilizer, valproic acid is a wide spectrum anticonvulsant drug which is commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder [8]. Despite the mechanism of its actions in different neuropsychiatric disorders is not fully understood, it has been demonstrated that valproic acid has enhancing effects on GABAergic neurotransmission and blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels.…”

Aripiprazole-induced quasi-neuroleptic malignant syndrome: two case reports

“…The neurobiological mechanism underpinning the occurrence of NMS following the introduction of an antipsychotic is poorly understood, especially as to why individuals react in the way that leads to and generates the features of this syndrome. However, among the known risk factors of NMS, dopamine receptor blockade is found to be central to most theories of its pathogenesis [ 4 – 6 ]. For example, central dopamine receptor blockade in the hypothalamus may cause hyperthermia and other signs of dysautonomia.…”

“…This results in an immune reaction provoking leucocytosis, rigors, muscle contractions, and rigidity. Other components of NMS can be understood along the metabolic effects on the brain cells and neurons [ 4 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Methylphenidate-Associated Creatine Kinase Level Elevation

“…This may cause skeletal muscle damage. 45 Dasatinib 46 and valproate, 47 which have been reported to elevate CK, may be involved in the same intracellular mechanisms as methylphenidate. 44,45,47,48 Elevated CK level is a sign of severe drug side effect development, and the exact molecular mechanism is controversial.…”

“…45 Dasatinib 46 and valproate, 47 which have been reported to elevate CK, may be involved in the same intracellular mechanisms as methylphenidate. 44,45,47,48 Elevated CK level is a sign of severe drug side effect development, and the exact molecular mechanism is controversial. 45 Caution should be exercised with any drug, new or old, that affects intracellular ATP production and Ca 2+ homeostasis.…”