Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Upcycled foods: A nudge toward nutrition

“…Olive pomace or pâté from olive oil production is also a source of phenolic compounds and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat ( 46 ). Other by-products currently being researched for their nutrient composition and functional contribution to the food supply chain include brewer’s spent grain ( 47 – 49 ) and okara ( 27 , 50 ).…”

“…Upcycled foods are defined as “ingredients that otherwise would not have gone to human consumption, are procured and produced using verifiable supply chains, and have a positive impact on the environment” ( 26 ). The extraction of bioactive agents, such as lycopene, beta-carotene, and ferrous sulfate from food by-products may be considered a value-adding or waste-to-value process; the terms value-adding, waste-to-value and upcycling are often used interchangeably within the research literature ( 27 , 28 ). However, the upcycled food sector aims for whole resource utilization rather than the extraction of nutrients and other bioactive compounds, thus reducing overall food waste ( 26 ).…”

Near-infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy as a Non-Destructive Tool for Fruit Quality Monitoring: A Mini Review

“…This approach can be considered as a value-added or waste recovery process. In the literature, the terms "value-added", "waste recovery", and "upcycling" are often used interchangeably (Kharel et al, 2021;Madia et al, 2021). The purpose of the article was to analyze existing solutions available on the market for upcycling byproducts from food processing plants and food wastes.…”

Oral delivery of microbiome-modulating synbiotics derived from kefir via alginate encapsulation systems

“…The Buchi-290 spray-dryer (Buchi AG, Switzerland) operating in co-current mode was set up with assembly of the Buchi three-fluid coaxial nozzle (inner nozzle diameter: 1.4 mm, outer diameter: 2.5 mm), similar to that described in [35]. Nitrogen gas flow was turned on to 0.742 m 3 /h for nozzle flow and 35 m 3 /h for aspirator flow.…”

“…• This research seeks to explore the feasibility of the coaxial spray-drying technique, which simultaneously sprays alginate-probiotics and crosslinking agents through inner and outer nozzles of the spray-dryer respectively, to produce dry crosslinked alginate probiotics particles. This technique was inspired by Kharel et al [35], who utilised coaxial spraying to encapsulated beta-carotene in okara and zein matrices.…”