Valorization of the Green Waste from Two Varieties of Fennel and Carrot Cultivated in Tunisia by Identification of the Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activities of Their Essentials Oils

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from the green tops of Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. plants producing yellow roots (DcsYR) and those producing orange roots (DcsOR) and from two varieties of Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare cultivated in Tunisia. Analyses revealed that the EOs from the two D. carota varieties were rich in constituents belonging to sesquiterpenes. Phenylpropanoids and non‐terpene derivatives were the most abundant classes of compounds in the EOs from the two varieties of F. vulgare, of which compositions were predominated by (E)‐anethole and p‐acetonylanisole. All the tested EOs were significantly more effective against Gram‐negative bacteria, and that obtained from var. azoricum was more active against the yeast Candida albicans than the reference drug. The EOs obtained from these by‐products showed indeed interesting potential to be promoted as natural antimicrobials in food preservation systems, as well as the possibility to be used in flavor industries.

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

“…Similarly, Ashraf et al studied the effect of Nigella sativa (Black seed) oil against antibiotic-resistant isolates by a well diffusion and microbroth dilution method, and they concluded that N. sativa had in vitro activity against Salmonella Enterica [27]. Chiboub et al evaluated the biological activity of the EOs of two varieties of Foeniculum vulgare in the growth of Salmonella Enterica, and the results showed a significant antimicrobial activity [32]. Aghraz et al showed that EOs from Cladanthus arabicus and Bubonium imbricatum contain a potent activity against the tested Salmonella strain , with MIC values between 200 and 800 μg/mL for C. arabicus and from 400 to 1600 μg/mL for B. imbricatum [25].…”

Chemical Composition, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract

“…Despite the efforts made in the last decade to find an alternative use for food waste and by-products, fennel waste remains unused as a raw material to produce high value-added products. The most studied compounds of fennel waste are extracted from the volatile fraction, whereas the polyphenolic compounds have been barely evaluated to date [12]. Recently, Di Donato et al [8] investigated the polyphenolic profile of fennel waste through reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and LC-mass spectrometry (MS) technologies.…”

Nanotechnologies: An Innovative Tool to Release Natural Extracts with Antimicrobial Properties

“…The recorded results showed that the Daucus carota subsp. sativus yellow roots oil was significantly more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria, and the MIC values were in the range 6.25-50 mg/mL [56].…”