Valorization of red macroalgae biomass via hydrothermal liquefaction using homogeneous catalysts

Nallasivam, Jeganathan; Prashanth, P. Francis; Harisankar, S.; Nori, Srisailaja; Suryanarayan, Shrikumar; Chakravarthy, Satyanarayanan R.; Vinu, R.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126515

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…KOH and Na 2 CO 3 were also effective in reducing the yield of the solid residue. This is in agreement with earlier studies that investigated the effect of both catalysts on yield 19,16,18 and is also expected because these are homogeneous catalysts, which do not generate coke as heterogeneous catalysts do. The yield of water-soluble product was also the highest for both homogeneous catalysts.…”

Section: Characterization Of Feedstocksupporting

confidence: 93%

“…alvarezii (26.2 wt %), and E. denticulatum (24.1 wt %) . The acceptable range of carbon content for a macroalgae to achieve a reasonable potential for biofuel production is 40–50% .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalysts used for algae liquefaction can be categorized as homogeneous (soluble in water) or heterogeneous (nonsoluble in water), and they can contribute to the decomposition of algae into desired biocrude. Nallasivam et al 19 conducted the valorization of two red macroalgae species, K. alvarezii and E. denticulatum, by hydrothermal liquefaction at 350 °C, using six homogeneous catalysts with a catalyst loading of 5 wt %. They reported that the catalytic treatment resulted in improved biocrude yield from both macroalgae, with the highest yield of 16.2 wt % obtained with KOH catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Saccharina latissima: Effects of Catalysts, Temperature, Residence Time, and Biomass-to-Water Ratio

Oke,

Resende

2023

Energy Fuels

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We performed hydrothermal liquefaction of brown macroalgae (Saccharina latissima) in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts such as KOH, Na2CO3, Pd/C, HZSM-5, Ce/HZSM-5, and Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 in hot compressed water to investigate their effects on product yield and composition of the biocrude. We investigated the effect of the temperature, algae-to-water ratio, residence time, and pretreatment method. The biocrude yields ranged from 12.9 to 23.6 wt % and that of solid residue ranged from 5.0 to 30.8 wt %, while gas yields ranged from 15.7 to 28.3 wt %. The dissolved organics in the aqueous phase constituted the largest fraction of the products (23.8–39.9 wt %). The following catalysts (5 wt % loading) produced the best yields of hydrocarbons: HZSM-5 (0.6 wt %), Ce/HZSM-5 (0.5 wt %), and Pd/C (0.2 wt %). The HZSM-5 catalyst was further used to investigate hydrocarbon production under varying operating conditions. The maximum biocrude yield of 23.6 wt % was obtained using the Ce/HZSM-5 catalyst. Temperature and residence time were found to be the most important factors affecting yield. The biocrude was found to be a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, ethers, phenols, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds. These results show promise in assessing the prospect of utilizing S. latissima as a natural source to produce transportation fuels and high-value chemicals.

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Section: Characterization Of Feedstocksupporting

confidence: 93%

“…alvarezii (26.2 wt %), and E. denticulatum (24.1 wt %) . The acceptable range of carbon content for a macroalgae to achieve a reasonable potential for biofuel production is 40–50% .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Saccharina latissima: Effects of Catalysts, Temperature, Residence Time, and Biomass-to-Water Ratio

Oke,

Resende

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The composition of the feedstock [ 7 ] and pH of the reaction mixture [ 8 ] are two other factors that also affect the yield and quality of products from HTL. It was found that the presence of co-solvents like glycerol, ethanol and alkaline catalysts like CaCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , KOH and Na 2 CO 3 highly influence the yield and the product characteristics [ 9 , 10 ]. Oxygen heteroatom is removed from organic compounds via dehydration and decarboxylation, while nitrogen is removed by deamination reactions [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal use of glycerol co-solvent to enhance product yield and its quality from hydrothermal liquefaction of refuse-derived fuel

Harisankar

Prashanth

Nallasivam

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Refuse-derived fuels (RDF) are rich in resources that make them an attractive feedstock for the production of energy and biofuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermochemical conversion technology to handle wet feedstocks and convert them to valuable bio-crude, bio-char and aqueous products. This study highlights the advantages of using glycerol as the co-solvent along with water in different proportions to produce bio-crude from RDF via HTL. The ratio of water:glycerol (vol.%:vol.%) was varied for each experiment (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50), and the product yields and their quality were studied. The results demonstrate that increasing the proportion of glycerol until 50 vol.% in the solvent enhances the bio-crude yield (36.2 wt.%) and its higher heating value (HHV) (30.9 MJ kg −1 ). Deoxygenation achieved in the bio-crude was 42%. The production of bio-char was minimum (9.5 wt.%) at 50 vol.% glycerol with HHV of 31.9 MJ kg −1 . The selectivity to phenolic compounds in the bio-crude increased, while that of cyclic oxygenates decreased when the glycerol content was more than 20 vol.%. The gas-phase analysis revealed that the major deoxygenation pathway was decarboxylation. The yield of aqueous products drastically increased with the addition of glycerol. The minimum amount of glycerol in the co-solvent that favours an energetically feasible process with low carbon footprint is 30 vol.%. Using 50 vol.% glycerol resulted in the highest energy recovery in the bio-crude and bio-char (80%), the lowest energy consumption ratio (0.43) and lowest environmental factor (0.1). The mass-based process mass intensity factor, calculated based on only bio-crude and bio-char as the valuable products, decreased with an increase in addition of glycerol, while it was close to unity when the aqueous phase is also considered as a valuable product.

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“…Eucheuma denticulatum (red seaweed) is one of the species of seaweed cultivated in Malaysia (east coast), the Philippines, Indonesia, and East Africa. E. denticulatum is known to contain valuable macronutrients such as carbohydrates (24.80–69.66%), dietary fiber (13.10–19.89%), protein (6.00–12.10%), lipids (0.60–4.10%), and micronutrients such as vitamins (vitamins A, B, C, E), minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium), polyunsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids that could exert health benefits and provide balanced nutrients to consumers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. E. denticulatum is a rich source of bioactive components (such as saponin, flavonoids, triterpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, tannin, and glycoside) with antioxidant activities [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory, Physicochemical, and Cooking Qualities of Instant Noodles Incorporated with Red Seaweed (Eucheuma denticulatum)

Koh

Matanjun

Lim

et al. 2022

Foods

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Instant noodles are consumed worldwide, but instant noodles are often unhealthy. Therefore, in the current study, instant noodles were produced with composite flour (a blend of wheat flour and potato starch at weight ratios of 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3) incorporated with red seaweed powder (Eucheuma denticulatum) in proportions of 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15%. The noodles’ sensory, physicochemical, and cooking properties were then determined. The incorporation of 7.5–15% of seaweed powder significantly (p < 0.05) increased the cooking yield, reduced the cooking loss, lengthened the cooking time, and decreased the pH values and water activity. The addition of seaweed powder weakened the tensile strength and softened the noodles. Seaweed noodles were denser and greener than control noodles. Among the three seaweed noodles (F2, F5, and F12) selected through the ranking test, panelists preferred F2 and F5 (both scoring 4.63 on a 7-point hedonic scale for overall acceptability) more than F12. Overall, F5 (at a wheat flour: potato starch ratio of 9:1; 15% seaweed powder) is the best-formulated seaweed noodle in this study, owing to its highest cooking yield and lowest cooking loss even with prolonged cooking, lowest water activity, and acceptable sensory qualities.

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Valorization of red macroalgae biomass via hydrothermal liquefaction using homogeneous catalysts

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Saccharina latissima: Effects of Catalysts, Temperature, Residence Time, and Biomass-to-Water Ratio

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Saccharina latissima: Effects of Catalysts, Temperature, Residence Time, and Biomass-to-Water Ratio

Optimal use of glycerol co-solvent to enhance product yield and its quality from hydrothermal liquefaction of refuse-derived fuel

Sensory, Physicochemical, and Cooking Qualities of Instant Noodles Incorporated with Red Seaweed (Eucheuma denticulatum)

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