Mixture of growth substrates Increasing the efficiency of microbial technology Cultivation of microorganisms on mixture of growth substrates allows to avoid unproductive loss of carbon and energy that occurs when using monosubstrates, and also to improve efficiency of transformation of carbon substrates into biomass and to intensify synthesis of secondary metabolites. The paper analyzes the modern scientific literature of last two or five years concerning the increase of synthesis on the mixed substrates (including industrial waste) of primary (organic acids, lipids, enzymes), secondary (polyhydroxyalkanoates, polysaccharides, surface-active substances) metabolites, and also bioethanol and biohydrogen. Using mixture of substrates in microbial technologies enables to increase the rates of synthesis of practically valuable metabolites by 1.5-10 times compared with cultivation producers on corresponding monosubstrates, and in some cases even regulate the composition and properties of final product. Own experimental data on synthesis intensification on mixture of industrial waste (frying sunflower oil, waste of biodiesel production, molasses) of microbial exopolysaccharide ethapolan (producer Acinetobacter sp. IMV B-7005) and Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 surfactants are presented. Unlike most scientists who empirically establish both the concentration of substrates in the mixture and the choice of monosubstrates, in our studies to increase the carbon transformation of substrates mixture into final product, the molar ratio of monosubstrate concentrations in mixture was established on the basis of theoretical calculations of the energy requirement for process biosynthesis. In addition, using mixture of waste to obtain microbial surfactants will not only reduce cost of final product, but also utilize toxic industrial waste and increase profitability of biodiesel production.