Valorization of Pineapple Waste for Development of Animal Feed Block

Pineapple waste in animal feed: A review of nutritional potential, impact and prospects

“…Additionally, the agricultural byproducts could be compressed and moulded into dense blocks using the feed block technology, serving as feed supplements for farmed animals. Furthermore, the process requires minimal electricity consumption while reducing transportation and waste management costs (Assumi et al, 2018). A previous study by (Assumi et al, 2018) reported a waste volume reduction of up to 91% through compaction when 30% pineapple waste was compressed into a feed block at a pressure of 27.58 MPa.…”

“…Furthermore, the process requires minimal electricity consumption while reducing transportation and waste management costs (Assumi et al, 2018). A previous study by (Assumi et al, 2018) reported a waste volume reduction of up to 91% through compaction when 30% pineapple waste was compressed into a feed block at a pressure of 27.58 MPa. Therefore, pineapple waste disposal could be reduced while utilising the waste as animal feed pellets or feed blocks.…”

“…Pineapple (Ananas comosus) belongs to the genus Bromeliaceae and consists of 2000 species. This fruit is an essential source of sugars, minerals, fibres, organic acids, and vitamins for human consumption (Assumi et al, 2018;Chaudhary et al, 2019). Furthermore, pineapple contains antioxidants such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids.…”

“…A 100 g fresh pineapple contains 86.45 g of water, 48 kcal energy, 12.66 g of carbohydrate, 9.35 g total sugar, and 1.4 g fibre. This fruit is also high in minerals, such as potassium (151.5 mg), magnesium (16.5 mg), calcium (13 mg), and phosphorus (11 mg) (Assumi et al, 2018). Meanwhile, pineapple is high in vitamin C (36.5 mg) and Vitamin A, B6, D, E, K, folic acid, thiamine, and riboflavin (Assumi et al, 2018;Das et al, 2021).…”

“…This fruit is also high in minerals, such as potassium (151.5 mg), magnesium (16.5 mg), calcium (13 mg), and phosphorus (11 mg) (Assumi et al, 2018). Meanwhile, pineapple is high in vitamin C (36.5 mg) and Vitamin A, B6, D, E, K, folic acid, thiamine, and riboflavin (Assumi et al, 2018;Das et al, 2021). Most importantly, pineapple is a commercial fruit in tropical regions and some parts of the subtropics.…”