Valorization of Phosphate Mine Waste Rocks as Materials for Road Construction

Amrani, Mustapha; Taha, Yassine; Kchikach, Azzouz; Benzaazoua, Mostafa; Hakkou, Rachid

doi:10.3390/min9040237

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…LA ˃ 53%) and wear (i.e. MD ˃ 53%) resistance (Amrani et al 2019). In the same study, fragmentation resistance increased for a fraction of these rocks with small content of cristobalite and illite, and high quartz content with LA ˂ 48% (Amrani et al 2019).…”

Section: Dominance Of Primary Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MD ˃ 53%) resistance (Amrani et al 2019). In the same study, fragmentation resistance increased for a fraction of these rocks with small content of cristobalite and illite, and high quartz content with LA ˂ 48% (Amrani et al 2019). The authors, however, suggested that the variation of performance was due to the presence of clay and flintstone.…”

Section: Dominance Of Primary Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

Adomako

Engelsen

Thorstensen

et al. 2021

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Rock aggregates constitute the enormous volume of inert construction material used around the globe. The petrologic description as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types establishes the intrinsic formation pattern of the parent rock. The engineering properties of these rocks vary due to the differences in the transformation process (e.g. hydrothermal deposits) and weathering effect. The two most common mechanical tests used to investigate the performance of aggregates are the Los Angeles (LA) and micro-Deval (MD) tests. This study reviewed the geological parameters (including mineralogy, grain and crystal size, grain shape, and porosity) and the relationship to Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests. It was found that high content of primary minerals in rocks (e.g. quartz and feldspar) is a significant parameter for performance evaluation. Traces of secondary and accessory minerals also affect the performance of rocks, although in many cases it is based on the percentage. Furthermore, some studies showed that the effect of mineralogic composition on mechanical strength is not sufficient to draw final conclusions of mechanical performance; therefore, the impact of other textural characteristics should be considered. The disposition of grain size and crystal size (e.g. as result of lithification) showed that rocks composed of fine-grain textural composition of ≤ 1 mm enhanced fragmentation and wear resistance than medium and coarse grained (≥ 1 mm). The effect of grain shape was based on convex and concave shapes and flat and elongated apexes of tested samples. The equidimensional form descriptor of rocks somehow improved resistance to impact from LA than highly flat and elongated particles. Lastly, the distribution of pore space investigated by means of the saturation method mostly showed moderate (R = 0.50) to strong (R = 0.90) and positive correlations to LA and MD tests.

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Section: Dominance Of Primary Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dominance Of Primary Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

Adomako

Engelsen

Thorstensen

et al. 2021

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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“…Cementitious materials, including geopolymers and ecological cement, were developed using phosphate mining by-products [34,35]. Through an experimental study, Amrani et al [36] investigated the possibility of phosphate wastes disposal in the road construction field. The results of this study confirmed that the obtained physical, geotechnical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental properties of wastes satisfy the conventional characteristics to be used as materials for embankments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacture and Characterization of Fired Bricks from Gold Mine Waste Rocks

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the possibility of using gold mine waste rocks (GMWRs) as alternative raw material for the manufacturing of fired bricks. The feasibility study was assessed through (i) physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics of GMWRs; (ii) determination of the natural clay (NC) substitution effect when using GMWRs; (iii) the effect of the firing temperature on the mechanical and physical properties of the fired bricks. Five mixtures of NC and GMWRs were studied. The percentages of substitution of NC with GMWRs varied from 0 to 100%. The brick specimens were fired at 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. The results show that increasing the firing temperature improved the flexural strength and density of the bricks, while the substitution of NC with GMWRs caused a reduction in the mechanical resistance of the bricks and an increase in their porosity and, consequently, their water absorption rate. However, the properties of bricks that contained up to 80 wt% of GMWRs and fired at 1000 °C and 1050 °C satisfied the requirements set by the applicable civil engineering and environmental standards. This was found to be an efficient and sustainable solution to mitigate environmental hazards and better manage mining wastes, concurrently producing marketable products from them, which is in accordance with the circular economy concept.

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“…Lightweight aggregates that are composed of PHWWC, cement kiln and clay were studied by [9]. Amrani et al [10] found that phosphate wastes could be successfully used as natural aggregates similar to conventional materials frequently used in road infrastructure. The study of Shen et al [11] provided a quantitative analysis indicating the safe use of these wastes in building.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

et al. 2021

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Morocco is the leading producer of phosphate and its derivatives in the world with a total production of 35 Mt. However, the extraction and the valorization of this mine generate huge quantities of phosphate washing waste clay (PHWWC) that constitute a main environmental and economic concern. To facilitate this waste clay storage and handling, it is necessary to decrease its moisture content that represents 80% of PHWWC. The present paper is devoted to studying the conductive drying of PHWWC. Drying experiments were conducted in a laboratory pilot. Afterwards, the experiment results were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical model of heat and mass transfer in a porous media to identify the drying parameters and performances. It was found that most of the water contained in PHWWC is free water that is removed with a constant drying rate. The volume reduction with a marked cracks phenomenon attained 65% without any significant effect of drying temperature and sample thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity of the PHWWC for a conductive drying process is ranged between 10−9 and 1.1 × 10−8 m2·s−1. The thermal efficiency of the drying system is up to 86%. The results could be used for the purpose of design and scale-up of the industrial dryer based on laboratory-scale experiments.

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Valorization of Phosphate Mine Waste Rocks as Materials for Road Construction

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

Manufacture and Characterization of Fired Bricks from Gold Mine Waste Rocks

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

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