Valorization of Livestock Keratin Waste: Application in Agricultural Fields

Chen, Huayi; Gao, Shuang; Li, Yongtao; Xu, Huijuan; Li, Wenyan; Wang, Jinjin

doi:10.3390/ijerph19116681

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Mercaptoethanol, a potent reducing agent, effectively breaks and lowers disulfide bonds. It frequently breaks down tertiary and quaternary protein structures in addition to unfolding native proteins ( Chen et al, 2022 ). As a result, urea and mercaptoethanol were discovered to be more significant when reaction time and temperature were evaluated by response surface optimization method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills

Majeed,

Farhat,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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A structural protein called keratin is often employed in the medical industry to create medication carriers. Process improvement, antioxidant, antibacterial, and adjuvant drug studies of synthetic bioactive keratin microparticles made from lipids and keratin derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills are the main objectives of this study. After coating the keratin microparticles with lipids which were obtained from the same porcupine quills, the bioactive keratin microparticles were produced. The response surface technique was applied to optimize the conditions for extraction of the keratin protein and sizing of the keratin microparticles. An infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical shifts in compositions of keratin microparticles while the optical microscopy was used to measure the size of the keratin microparticles. The results of this work revealed that a yield 27.36 to 42.25% of the keratin protein could be obtained from porcupine quills. The keratin microparticles were sized between 60.65 and 118.87 µm. Through response surface optimization, mercaptoethanol and urea were shown to be the main variables which positively affected the yield and the size of the keratin protein. The lipid stacking on the keratin microparticles’ surface was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) assay confirmed the keratin microparticle’s antioxidant activity of 29.83%. Compared to lipid alone, the antibacterial properties of the keratin microparticles against Escherichia coli—a gram-negative—and Staphylococcus aureus—a gram-positive—bacteria enhanced by up to 55% following the coating of the microparticles with the lipids. The pharmacological action against these bacterial species was further improved by the lipid-loaded erythromycin that was carried on the surface of keratin microparticles. This work has demonstrated the design and uses of the keratin microparticles obtained from porcupine quills for clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills

Majeed,

Farhat,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…These by-products are rich in nutrients and can be used to make various types of feed, providing comprehensive nutritional support for the animals. For example, bones are rich in minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which can be used as a supplement to minerals in feed to make bone meal or bone pulp [ 49 ], offal is rich in protein and fat, which can be used as raw materials for high-protein feed, and fur can be processed into high-protein animal fur powder as a protein source for animal feed [ 50 ]. Suryadi et al [ 51 ] used rice-water microbial fermentation technology to transform snail meat into a new probiotic product that can be used for feed supplementation.…”

Section: Types and Applications Of Unconventional Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Unconventional Feed Fermentation on Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Animals

Lian,

Shi,

Liang

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Unconventional feed, which is abundant in China, contains anti-nutritional factors and toxins; however, these can be greatly reduced with microbial fermentation, thus improving the nutrient content of the feed, enhancing animal appetites, and ultimately significantly improving the intestinal health and growth performance of animals. When oxidative stress occurs, fermented feed can effectively reduce the damage caused by stress to the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate the removal of gastrointestinal abnormalities, improve the ability to resist intestinal stress, and ensure the efficient production of animals. This review introduces the application of unconventional fermented feed in animal production, and expounds upon the function of unconventional fermented feed in animals with oxidative stress symptoms, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of unconventional fermented feed in antioxidative stress reduction.

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“…Animal-derived waste offers the possibility of converting feathers, hair, ears, horns, nails, and wool, which otherwise would have been disposed, into keratin at a relatively low cost [40]. Keratin makes up 90% of feathers and 95% of wool [71]. Therefore, the demand for keratin recovery from animal-derived waste is increasing yearly, contributing to the sustainability goals.…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Conversion of Animal-Derived Waste: A Mini-Review with a Focus on Chicken Bone Waste

Macavei,

Gheorghe,

Ionescu

et al. 2024

Processes

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Food waste, particularly animal-derived waste, presents a significant challenge globally, prompting the need for sustainable management strategies. In 2022, the amount of food waste per capita reached 131 kg/capita in the EU (European Union), which is why the search for environmentally friendly ways to manage food waste through thermochemical conversion processes has gained momentum in recent years. Animal-derived waste is a good source of organic matter (proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) and mineral compounds (calcium phosphate, mostly hydroxyapatite). This composition makes animal-derived waste valuable for the extraction of chemical compounds, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp), which constitutes up to 70 wt% of animal bones; keratin; collagen; and hyaluronic acid (HA), to produce pharmaceutical, medical, or industrial by-products. The thermochemical conversion of chicken bones through pyrolysis and gasification creates a new opportunity to valorize this type of waste by reintroducing valuable by-products into the economy and thus achieving sustainable waste management objectives. The results of this study showcase the multiple applications of the pyrolysis of chicken bone waste products (as adsorbents in aqueous mediums, catalysts, fertilizers, and biomedical applications) and the necessity of a better exploration of the gasification process of chicken bone waste. Therefore, this study explores the properties of animal-derived waste and discusses the pyrolysis and gasification of chicken bone waste, the influence of process conditions on product yields, and the catalytic enhancement of these thermochemical processes.

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Valorization of Livestock Keratin Waste: Application in Agricultural Fields

Cited by 26 publications

References 146 publications

Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills

Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills

The Effects of Unconventional Feed Fermentation on Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Animals

Thermochemical Conversion of Animal-Derived Waste: A Mini-Review with a Focus on Chicken Bone Waste

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