“…Numerous studies have been conducted on the pyrolysis of woody biomass and have investigated the effects of varying operating conditions such as the feed rate, nitrogen flow rate, reaction temperature, and feed particle size on the yield and properties of bio-oil, such as its elemental composition, viscosity, high heating value (HHV), etc. [9,[12][13][14][15][16]. Characterization of the bio-oil obtained in such studies showed several phenolic compounds, in addition to carboxylic acids, sugars and dehydrosugars, hydroxy aldehydes, and hydroxy ketones, which are attributed to the thermal depolymerization of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose [14,17,18].…”