Valorization of chitin derived N-acetyl-D-glucosamine into high valuable N-containing 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran using pyridinium-based ionic liquids

Preparation of 3-aceta mido-5-acetylfuran from N-acetylglucosamine and chitin using biobased deep eutectic solvents as catalysts

“…5 Compared with DMAc, DMSO showed poorer performance, which is consistent with the reports of Wang et al 2 Moreover, other studies reported that NMP showed good performance for converting NAG into 3A5AF. 2,11,28 In this study, as expected, NMP still showed a remarkable performance, with 3A5AF yields close to those in DMF. Consequently, DMAc and 210 °C were chosen as the optimal solvent and temperature, respectively.…”

“…Previous studies have reported the possible reaction mechanism of the conversion from NAG to 3A5AF. 2,7,11 NAG forms a five-membered ring from an aldose through open and closed rings, followed by enolization and dehydration to eventually form 3A5AF (Fig. 2).…”

“…10 Two ionic liquid catalysts ([TEA]Cl and [CMPy]Cl) were reported by Zang et al to convert NAG into 3A5AF; the highest yields of 62.0 mol% and 67.4 mol%, respectively, were achieved under optimal conditions. 11,12 However, these ionic liquids were mainly composed of petroleum-based chemicals, without sustainability and environmental friendliness. Recently, Wang et al reported that a biobased amino acid ionic liquid ([Gly]Cl) was developed to convert NAG into 3A5AF in DMAc, and a yield of 52.6 mol% was obtained.…”

Progress in Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Chitin Biomass to Furan-Derived Platform Compounds

“…Recently, several investigations on the preparation of 3A5AF from GlcNAc employing ionic liquid catalysts have been reported [50][51][52][53]. NMP, DMA, and DMF have been proven as favorable reaction mediums for GlcNAc transformation.…”

Property and Function of a Novel Chitinase Containing Dual Catalytic Domains Capable of Converting Chitin Into N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine

“…GlcNAc, which is the monomeric unit of chitin, exhibits many bioactivities and used widely in several fields, such as the food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and fine chemical industries ( Chen et al, 2010 ). Furthermore, GlcNAc contains nitrogen and is an ideal feedstock for manufacturing diverse intermediates of high value, such as 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF) ( Zang et al, 2021 ) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) ( Zhou et al, 2020 ). Therefore, it would be economically and environmentally beneficial to produce GlcNAc from the abundant chitin resources, such as waste shrimp and crab shells.…”