“…Another aspect of the setup of the model’s data input concerned waste production that was estimated considering the statistical data relating to the production of straws and manure by crops and livestock type [ 79 ], harmonizing these data to the categories of the TIMES–WEF model ( Table 9 ).…”
The European Union’s 2030 climate and energy policy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underline the commitment to mitigate climate change and reduce its impacts by supporting sustainable use of resources. This commitment has become stricter in light of the ambitious climate neutrality target set by the European Green Deal for 2050. Water, Energy and Food are the key variables of the “Nexus Thinking” which face the sustainability challenge with a multi-sectoral approach. The aim of the paper is to show the methodological path toward the implementation of an integrated modeling platform based on the Nexus approach and consolidated energy system analysis methods to represent the agri-food system in a circular economy perspective (from the use of water, energy, biomass, and land to food production). The final aim is to support decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. The IEA-The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) model generator was used to build up the Basilicata Water, Energy and Food model (TIMES-WEF model), which allows users a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the Basilicata agri-food system in terms of land use, yields and water availability and a critical comparison of these indicators in different scenarios. The paper focuses on the construction of the model’s Reference Energy and Material System of the TIMES model, which integrates water and agricultural commodities into the energy framework, and on the results obtained through the calibration of the model β version to statistical data on agricultural activities.
“…Another aspect of the setup of the model’s data input concerned waste production that was estimated considering the statistical data relating to the production of straws and manure by crops and livestock type [ 79 ], harmonizing these data to the categories of the TIMES–WEF model ( Table 9 ).…”
The European Union’s 2030 climate and energy policy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underline the commitment to mitigate climate change and reduce its impacts by supporting sustainable use of resources. This commitment has become stricter in light of the ambitious climate neutrality target set by the European Green Deal for 2050. Water, Energy and Food are the key variables of the “Nexus Thinking” which face the sustainability challenge with a multi-sectoral approach. The aim of the paper is to show the methodological path toward the implementation of an integrated modeling platform based on the Nexus approach and consolidated energy system analysis methods to represent the agri-food system in a circular economy perspective (from the use of water, energy, biomass, and land to food production). The final aim is to support decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. The IEA-The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) model generator was used to build up the Basilicata Water, Energy and Food model (TIMES-WEF model), which allows users a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the Basilicata agri-food system in terms of land use, yields and water availability and a critical comparison of these indicators in different scenarios. The paper focuses on the construction of the model’s Reference Energy and Material System of the TIMES model, which integrates water and agricultural commodities into the energy framework, and on the results obtained through the calibration of the model β version to statistical data on agricultural activities.
Much has been done in the wine production sector to promote sustainable development. Given its relevance in the economy and in society, it is fundamental to align its activities with the optimal use of resources and the regeneration and restoration of the natural system in agreement with the premises set by the Circular Economy (CE). The main interest of this work was, through a systematic literature review, to identify in the revised studies how the wine sector has incorporated the premises of CE in its activities. Six topics define the concerns addressed: water, solid waste, energy, chemical use, land use and ecosystems, in different parts of the chain: viticulture, winemaking and distribution. From the evaluation of 41 selected empirical studies, no clear definition regarding CE was found; however, the detailed analysis reveals aspects which incorporate CE practices such as the reduction of waste disposal by its treatment and recovery, the best use of resources at all stages of the process chain and the need to rethink and redesign current practices. The specific subjects identified were waste recovery, alternative energy sources such as biofuels production and water quality improvement. Land use, ecosystem impacts, and use of agrochemicals were not considered.
“…Organic farming [74] and conservation farming [75] are sustainable farming techniques that improve carbon sequestration in agri-ecosystems, as documented by Novara et al [76] in their case study on sloping vineyards. No less important and well established in terms of research and practical aspects is integrated pesticide management [77], on-farm production of biogas from manure and agricultural waste [78], extensive grazing practices in traditional agricultural landscapes [79], renewable energy production [80], precision farming [81], and management of agroforestry systems [82].…”
Section: Introduction 1awareness Of Landscape Quality and The Importance Of Vocational Education Training For Small And Family Farmersmentioning
Today, farmers are multioptional entrepreneurs, demanding far more skills than only those of agricultural production. The awareness of European agricultural landscape (EAL) values should enable farmers to create new business strategies. Open education repositories (OERs) based on online vocational education and training (VET) are still not widespread. The project FEAL (multifunctional farming for the sustainability of EALs) has brought interactive material online based on results of two questionnaire surveys performed in Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. A survey of 31 experts confirmed that VET activities are very much needed for farmers. A survey of 28 farmers had different aims and content. Data collected from farmers were used to evaluate basic farm attributes, farmers’ characteristics, and keywords indicating the farms’ activities, multifunctionality and sustainability, and EALs, specifying the presence of nature- and landscape-protected areas. A decision-making schema, applying a collection of terms from literature analysis and the questionnaire’s results, is a support tool to develop a model of a farm that contributes to the preservation of the landscape’s character, strengthening the landscape’s quality, and sustainable business. The model presents the interactions of the farm (its territory and ancestral heritage, control of natural resources, tourism services and cultural events, public goods provision, and quality guarantees); socioeconomic strategies regarding quality, marketing, communication, business operation, and monitoring are proposed.
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