Valorisation of crustacean and bivalve processing side streams for industrial fast time-to-market products: A review from the European Union regulation perspective

Abstract

A massive amount of crustaceans and bivalves are consumed each year, leading to millions of tons of processing side streams from the seafood industry. Considering the current trend of (bio)circular and zero-waste food production, crustacean and bivalve processing side streams (CBPS) seem a promising and emerging resource for producing high-value-added products. This paper highlights the general composition of CBPS with high commercial values, namely, protein, lipids, carotenoids, minerals and chitins. The extraction strategies of these fractions, including conventional chemical and environmentally friendly methods, are also discussed. This review presents and summarises CBPS as raw materials for developing fast time-to-market products complying with specific EU regulations, including animal feeds, bio-pesticide/stimulants, and cosmetic ingredients. This paper also provides insights into challenges of applying CBPS as raw materials to generate products for human consumption.

Marine Animal Co-Products—How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability

“…In fact, oils produced from marine animal co-products (e.g., tuna fish side streams) have been ascribed beneficial effects when used in formulations, preventing excessive fat deposition in farmed fish [96]. Also, products based on processed side streams of shrimp and crab are already being used in animal feeds to balance their nutrient profiles [284]. Other lipophilic compounds present in the lipid fractions of marine animal (in this case, crustacean) co-products have also garnered particular interest in the aquaculture field, with astaxanthin being approved by US and EU authorities to be used as a colorant/dyeing agent in animal feed and fish food, salmon in particular [145,285,286].…”

Green Chemistry to Valorize Seafood Side Streams: An Ecofriendly Roadmap toward Sustainability

“…Finfish discards comprise heads, liver, dark muscle, belly flaps, skeletal frames, backbones, skin, scales and viscera, roe, and others, constituting up to 25–60% of the total raw material wet weight . The processing of crustaceans such as shrimp and lobster generate about 60 to 70% of the raw material as discards, which consist of heads, shells, livers, and eggs. − Currently, portions of the side streams find uses as raw materials for fish meal, oil, ensilage, fertilizer, animal feed, etc. for use in agriculture and animal husbandry.…”

“…Another project aims to extract valuable compounds such as flavor products, calcium, and collagen from shrimp processing side streams, considering the food value chain. These projects may provide valuable information for commercialization in the near future . Future development on food waste management is expected to capitalise on the multi-functionality of products, boundary and allocation in a circular system, and trade-off between food waste and resources.…”

“…It is recommended that the green processing plants may be located at a centralized location near the coast, where seafood plants will be located. The challenges of applying crustacean and bivalve processing side streams to generate products for human consumption have been pointed out, calling for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), Good Hygienic Practice (GHP), and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) for handling seafood side streams from catch to product . It is essential to know not only the composition of the seafood feedstock but importantly the potential market value and application of the biomolecules, chemicals, and other byproducts that can be isolated or converted from each type of waste.…”

“…These projects may provide valuable information for commercialization in the near future. 6 Future development on food waste management is expected to capitalise on the multi-functionality of products, boundary and allocation in a circular system, and trade-off between food waste and resources. With future technological advances, food waste management in circular bioeconomy policy can facilitate the accomplishment of sustainable development goals.…”