Validity, Reliability, and Optimal Cut-off Scores of the WHO-5, PHQ-9, and PHQ-2 to Screen Depression Among University Students in Iran

Ghazisaeedi, Marjan; Mahmoodi, Hamed; Arpacı, İbrahim; Mehrdar, Siavash; Barzegari, Saeed

doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00483-5

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with past ndings from university students (Ghazisaeedi et al, 2021) and people with medical conditions (Cichoń et al, 2020;Dadfar et al, 2018;Eser et al, 2019), the CFA results support the singlefactor model. Adding error covariance between items 1 (assessing general mood; "I have felt cheerful in good spirits") and 4 (assessing sleep quality; "I woke up feeling fresh and rested") improved the model t. This could be due to a general mood associated with sleep quality in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The present study is the rst to suggest the cut-off value of WHO-5 in the Malaysian context. Consistent with past studies (e.g., Christensen et al, 2015;Ghazisaeedi et al, 2021;Halliday et al, 2017), the WHO-5 shows acceptable sensitivity (78%) and speci city (67%) for the optimal (12.5 / ≤13) cut-off value. The ndings highlight the usefulness of the WHO-5 across cultural contexts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Validation and Optimal Cut-Off Score of the WHO-5 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Young Adults in Malaysia

Low¹,

Pheh²,

Tan³

2021

Preprint

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As depression has become a major disease burden in Malaysia, an easy-to-use tool with good psychometric is urgently needed to facilitate the screening process. The current study investigated the psychometric qualities of the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) and the optimal cut-off point for depression screening in the Malaysian context. A total of 610 undergraduate students answered an online survey consisting of the English version of the WHO-5 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor model. The WHO-5 also demonstrated good reliability and concurrent validity. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that ≤ 13 was the optimal threshold with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The results support the usability of the WHO-5 to screen for depression among young adults in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings are also consistent with the literature highlighting the potential of the WHO-5 as a cross-cultural tool for depression screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Validation and Optimal Cut-Off Score of the WHO-5 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Young Adults in Malaysia

Low¹,

Pheh²,

Tan³

2021

Preprint

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“…A score 0-4 indicates no depression; and scores 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and 20-27 indicate mild to severe depression. The reported mild depression cutoff in the PHQ-9 is 5 (17,18). Prior to the final score, the evaluation operator ruled out physical causes of depression, normal bereavement, and a history of manic episodes (19).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disability After Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China

et al. 2021

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Objective: This study aimed to understand the demographics, functional disabilities, cognitive impairment, and depressive mood among stroke patients and to explore the correlation between functional disability and the other health conditions so as to provide some data for community rehabilitation among stroke patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the functional status of ischemic stroke patients with stroke history between 1 month and 2 years by applying the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data were collected during October 2016 and January 2017 from 11 communities in two districts of Shanghai, China. We used face-to-face questionnaire interviews to collect information on sociodemographics, vascular risks associated with stroke, cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], and depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)]; and we applied SPSS 24.0 for data analysis.Results: In this study, 305 patients with ischemic stroke were finally recruited, including 189 (61.97%) men, with an average age of 67 years. According to the mRS score, ischemic stroke patients were divided into patients without symptoms (controls, mRS = 0), patients without obvious disability (mRS = 1), and patients with mild to severe disability (mRS = 2–5). Ischemic stroke patients with different mRS levels demonstrated significant differences in age, tobacco smoke exposure, previous stroke history, cognitive function, and depression status. Compared with patients without symptoms (mRS = 0), patients with mRS = 1 had a lower MMSE score [odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.90]; and patients with mRS = 2–5 had a lower MMSE score [OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08–0.33], had a higher PHQ-9 score [OR = 5.36, 95% CI: 2.19–13.11], and were more likely to have previous stroke history [OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.01–4.79].Conclusion: Lower degrees of functional independence are related to cognitive impairment, as well as the previous stroke history and depression status.

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“…CVI score was calculated by the following formula. Items with the CVI score greater than or equal to 0.79 were retained [15].…”

Section: Face and Content Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was conducted to check redundancy between the variables. If an item had a Communality value below 0.5, it would be deleted [15].…”

Section: Exploratory and Con Rmatory Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Patient Readiness to Engage in Health Information Technology

Safdari

Khenarinezhad

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Background:The patient readiness to engage in health information technology (PRE-HIT) is a conceptually and psychometrically validated questionnaire survey tool to measure willingness of patients with chronic conditions to use health information technology (HIT) resources.Objectives:This study was aimed to translate and validate a health information technology readiness instrument, the PRE-HIT instrument, in the Persian language.Methods:A rigorous process was followed to translate the PRE-HIT instrument Persian language. The face and content validity was validated by impact score, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). The instrument was used to measure readiness of 289 patients with chronic diseases to engage with digital health with four point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) used to check the validity of structure. The convergent and discriminant validity, and internal reliability was expressed by average variance extracted (AVE), construct reliability (CR), maximum shared squared variance (MSV), average shared square variance (ASV), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used respectively to compare the impact of sex, education and computer literacy on the performance of all PRE-HIT factors.Results:Eight factors were extracted: health information needs, computer anxiety, computer/internet experience and expertise, preferred mode of interaction, no news is good news, relationship with doctor, cell phone expertise, and internet privacy concerns. They explained 69% of the total variance. An acceptable model fit and internal reliability of the instrument was achieved. The survey found that the Iranian patients had high level of cell phone expertise, computer/internet experience, good relationship with doctor, and high level of health information need. They had moderate level of concern about internet privacy and computer anxiety. Compared with men, women had higher level of health information need and more agreed with “no news is good news”, conversely men had higher level of cell phone expertise.Conclusion:The Persian version of the PRE-HIT was empirically proved for its validity to assess the level of readiness of patients to engage with digital health.

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Validity, Reliability, and Optimal Cut-off Scores of the WHO-5, PHQ-9, and PHQ-2 to Screen Depression Among University Students in Iran

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Validation and Optimal Cut-Off Score of the WHO-5 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Young Adults in Malaysia

Validation and Optimal Cut-Off Score of the WHO-5 as a Screening Tool for Depression among Young Adults in Malaysia

Functional Disability After Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Patient Readiness to Engage in Health Information Technology

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