Validity of Venous Waveform Signal for Heart Rate Variability Monitoring

Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV) at rest is widely accepted as a non-invasive measure of autonomic nervous system regulation of the heart. A novel technology has been developed by VoluMetrix®that captures venous waveforms via sensors on the volar aspect of the wrist, called NIVAband. In this study, we aim to assess its validity to determine pulse rate variability as a surrogate of HRV. Seven volunteers were recorded while breathing both spontaneously and at a fixed slow pace. Subjects wore a NIVAband and the ECG was recorded simultaneously. Pulses in the NIVA signal were detected using an adaptive threshold on the output of a matched filter. From both beat (ECG) and pulse (NIVA) detections, we derived the power associated to main spectral components of their variability in the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands. Good reliability (>0.75) was achieved in average. Mean heart rate and LF power derived from NIVAband and ECG showed no significant differences. HF power, however, was significantly higher in the NIVA measures.

Parasympathetic Characterization Guided by Respiration from Wrist Peripheral Venous Pressure Waveform

“…This may be because STT is not as good estimator of respiration as it is PRV in this particular application. The respiratory peak has been obtained from the PRV instead of from the signal PSD, as in [5], because in the NIVA signal the respiration band is heavily filtered, probably due to the high-pass nature of the derivative, and it is difficult to discriminate a peak there.…”

“…The development of this device was motivated by some recent results of peripheral intra venous analysis that showed it is a promising indicator in blood volume assessment and hemorrhages [3,4]. The research of Hernando et al [5,6] has demonstrated that NIVA is a reliable surrogate of HRV under resting conditions. In addition, they found a significantly higher power within the High Frequency (HF) band at NIVA, defined as the band centered at the respiratory rate (RR).…”

Effect of yoga on pulse rate variability measured from a venous pressure waveform

“…They propose Non-Invasive Venous waveform Analysis (NIVA) to obtain information on volume status, heart rate, and respiratory rate. In a previous work, we validated the ability of NIVAband to provide a measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) via pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis [3]. Results showed that high frequency power was significantly higher in PRV analysis from NIVA than in heart rate variability (HRV) from ECG, suggesting that the NIVA signal may enhance measurement of parasympathetic activity.…”

Physiology and clinical utility of the peripheral venous waveform

“… 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 Furthermore, a piezoelectric sensor placed on the volar aspect of the wrist, directly over the superficial veins, has also allowed for non-invasive capture of the peripheral venous waveform. 3 , 4 , 16 , 17 The piezoelectric sensor is connected to a control box that amplifies the venous waveform detected from vibrations related to the low amplitude pulsatile flow of venous blood. In addition to direct invasive and non-invasive capture of peripheral venous waveforms, indirect analysis of plethysmographic waveforms have been used to detect the peripheral venous waveform.…”

“…[1][2][3][4]6,7,16,17 These algorithms are referred to as Peripheral IntraVenous waveform Analysis (PIVA) in directly transduced waveforms 1,2,6,7 and NonInvasive Venous waveform Analysis (NIVA) in waveforms obtained non-invasively with a piezoelectric sensor placed on the wrist. 3,4,16,17 A number of other algorithms in the frequency domain have been developed and tested, including calculation of overall signal power or tracking changes in the amplitude of the fundamental pulse frequency across intravascular volume events. 1,2,5,6 Clinical applications of venous waveforms One of the largest clinical applications of volume status assessment is the detection of hemorrhage, which is traditionally difficult to identify clinically.…”